| 3.07 | Administrative arrangements. Authorities. Departments |
| 3.071 | Foundation. Development |
| 3.071.1 | Office origin, setting up, establishment, foundation, inauguration |
| 3.071.2 | Administration growth. Development of office ⇨ -043.84 Actuation. Actualization. Realization ⇨ -044.88 Growth. Enlargement. Expanding. Expansion. Swelling. Dilation |
3.071.3 | Rights. Privileges. Immunities. Constitution. Charter. Statutes ⇨ (062.13) Statutes. Charter. Articles of association |
3.071.5 | Territory. Area of jurisdiction of the office |
3.071.51 | Extent. Boundaries of authorities office |
3.071.55 | Subdivision. Division into districts, regions, etc |
3.071.6 | Centralization. Decentralization ⇨ -045.27 Centralization (position) ⇨ -048.73 Centralization ⇨ 005.591.46 Centralization. Decentralization |
3.072 | Relations with other organizations |
| 3.072.1 | Independence. Autonomy. Centralization. Decentralization |
3.072.2 | Intervention of superordinate authorities. Administrative supervision, tutelage. Collaboration. State control |
3.072.21 | Measures concerned with administrative action Authorization, repeal, suspension |
3.072.22 | Overstepping of powers. Exceeding of authority. Infringements |
3.072.23 | Appeal against administrative measures |
3.072.3 | Cooperation between authorities. Official assistance |
3.072.4 | Dissolution. Suppression by superordinate authorities |
3.072.5 | Replacement of one authority by another |
3.072.6 | Inspection, control and supervision of organizations ⇨ 3.078.3 Administrative supervision, inspection, control and investigation ⇨ 351.9 Supervision and control of public administration |
3.072.7 | Intervention of the governed in administration, other than by elections |
3.072.8 | Financial relations |
3.073 | Economic position. Legal position |
3.073.1 | Consequences of public decisions and policies of administrations |
3.073.5 | Wealth. Office property. Economic management. Income from rents, interest |
3.073.51 | Department property not designated for public service |
| 3.073.511 | Department property acquisition, disposal, loss |
3.073.512 | Department realty, real rights |
3.073.513 | Hiring, renting of office property |
3.073.513.1 | Leasing, hire of office property. Rental (as lessee) |
| 3.073.513.2 | Leasing out office property. Letting. Hiring out (as lessor) |
3.073.515 | Management, administration of property |
3.073.515.1 | Improvements. Maintenance. Repairs |
3.073.515.3 | Guarding and protection of property |
3.073.515.4 | Financial administration of property |
3.073.52 | Finances. Estimates. Accounts |
3.073.526 | Submission and publication of accounts. Audit |
3.073.527 | Office debts |
3.073.53 | Needs, requirements of a department: resources, supplies, procurement, purchasing |
3.073.531 | Office equipment, furniture |
| 3.073.532 | Office materials |
| 3.073.533 | Office, department publicity ⇨ 659.4 Public relations (PR) |
3.073.534 | Office, departments consultations, advice |
3.073.537 | Office transport requirements |
| 3.073.54 | Office public buildings and land. Space requirements |
| 3.073.541 | Adminstrative, department offices |
3.073.542 | Staff buildings |
3.073.543 | Technical and industrial establishments |
3.073.544 | Office, department land |
| 3.073.55 | Office regulations. Orders. Complaints. Criticism. Incidents. Accidents |
3.073.6 | Adminstration office fees. Payment for services. Taxes. Levies. Duties |
3.074 | Formation, composition, dissolution of authorities |
| 3.074.1 | Election and nomination of members |
3.074.3 | Duration of office |
3.074.4 | End, dissolution of authorities |
3.075 | Administrative organs. Departments. Office-holders, incumbents |
| 3.075.1 | Organs of the highest level. Representative bodies. Deliberative assemblies, councils, colleges |
| 3.075.2 | Executive committees, bureaux, offices |
3.075.5 | Departments. Divisions. Sections |
3.075.51 | Secretariats. Chancelleries |
3.075.52 | Financial branch |
3.075.6 | Regulatory bodies, authorities, inspectorates. ‘Watchdogs’ |
3.075.7 | Joint, shared, cooperative organs (of several authorities). Consultative committees |
3.076 | Competence, sphere of authority. Duties. Powers |
3.077 | Functions, official actions of administration |
3.077.1 | Office management. Conduct of official business |
3.077.2 | Administrative actions. Disputes |
3.077.3 | Administrative procedure. Formalities |
| 3.077.5 | Assemblies. Meetings. Conferences. Publications ⇨ (062.532) Calling notices. Invitations. Notices of meetings ⇨ (062.537) Records, minutes, reports of meetings ⇨ 005.745 Meetings. Congresses. Symposiums. Conferences |
| 3.077.6 | Decisions. Orders. Directives. Regulations. Decrees. Emergency regulations |
3.077.7 | Administration records. Proceedings, transactions, minutes. Reports ⇨ (093.2) Official sources. Public records, documents, acts ⇨ 003.074 Diplomatic writing ⇨ 005.92 Records management |
3.077.91 | Destruction and preservation of documents |
| 3.077.92 | Use of languages. Official language(s) |
3.078 | Kinds of administrative activity |
| 3.078.1 | Intervention by authorities, office, departments |
3.078.11 | Approval. Consent |
3.078.16 | Restrictions |
3.078.17 | Prohibition |
| 3.078.18 | Compulsion |
3.078.2 | Making of rules and regulations |
3.078.3 | Administrative supervision, inspection, control and investigation ⇨ 3.072.6 Inspection, control and supervision of organizations ⇨ 351.9 Supervision and control of public administration |
3.078.4 | Direct intervention |
3.078.5 | Financial support. Subsidy. Material and moral support |
3.078.6 | Indirect intervention. Concessions |
3.078.7 | Intervention in special cases, in emergencies, in crises |
3.078.8 | Withdrawal, abolition of administrative control. Derestriction. Decontrol |
3.08 | Personnel of authorities. Administration officials. Administration staff ⇨ -057 Persons according to occupation, work, livelihood, education ⇨ 005.95 Personnel management ⇨ 331 Labour. Employment. Work. Labour economics. Organization of labour |
3.081 | Distinctive marks and characteristics of authorities, official, staff |
3.081.6 | Rights to honours. External marks of respect. Titles. Official robes, insignia, uniforms. Badges of office |
3.081.7 | Relations between staff and authority |
3.081.71 | Legal position of staff |
| 3.081.72 | Discussions with staff. Joint consultations (with equal representation) |
3.081.73 | Staff participation in management, in decision-making |
3.081.74 | Permanent staff representation. Consultative councils. Staff councils |
3.082 | Admission to office |
3.082.1 | Aptitude requirements. Examinations. Examining boards. Probationary period |
3.082.2 | Personal characteristics as conditions of admission |
| 3.082.3 | Nomination. Candidacy. Selection. Election |
3.082.4 | Advancement. Rank. Hierarchy. Promotion. Performance in office |
3.082.5 | Incompatibility of duties. Plurality of offices |
3.082.6 | Oath of office. Swearing in |
3.082.7 | Sex of officials |
3.082.8 | End of service |
3.083 | Duties, obligations of officials |
3.083.1 | Authority of administration over its staff Discipline |
3.083.3 | Place of service. Residence. Domicile |
3.083.4 | Sureties. Deposits. Caution money |
3.083.5 | Duty to exercise one’s office, to perform the work |
3.083.52 | Exemption in general |
3.083.53 | Working time. Rest intervals. Breaks |
3.083.7 | Duty of obedience, loyalty |
3.083.8 | Professional confidentiality. Official secrecy |
3.083.91 | Obligations regarding titles, decoration, affiliations |
3.083.92 | Secondary employment, outside official duties |
| 3.083.93 | Marriage: permission or prohibition |
3.083.94 | Prohibition from accepting gifts, gratuities |
| 3.083.95 | Duties in wartime |
3.083.96 | Working regulations in offices and workplaces |
3.084 | Categories of officials. Applicants for official positions. Other employed persons |
3.084.7 | Order of rank of officials |
3.084.8 | Composition of the body of officials |
3.085 | Competence, powers of officials. Responsibilities. Official actions |
3.086 | Responsibility, answerability of officials |
3.087 | Rights of officials. Status. Position. Entitlement to privileges |
3.087.1 | Right to office. Immunity from dismissal |
3.087.3 | Right to promotion |
3.087.4 | Financial rights |
3.087.41 | Salary |
| 3.087.42 | Supplements to salary. Allowances |
| 3.087.43 | Retirement pensions. Disablement pensions. Other assistance |
3.087.44 | Insurance |
| 3.087.5 | Rights of dependants |
3.087.8 | Means of claiming entitlements for officials and their dependants |
3.088 | Work conditions, facilities and organization |
3.088.2 | Working conditions. Workplace. Offices |
3.088.3 | Economic and social provision for officials |
3.088.6 | Training of officials |
| 3.088.7 | Organization of work. Division of labou |
| 30 | Theories, methodology and methods in social sciences in general. Sociography |
| 303 | Methods of the social sciences |
303.01/.09 | Special auxiliary subdivision for theory and methodology in social sciences |
| 303.01 | Theoretical aspects |
303.02 | General features of research |
303.022 | Qualitative |
303.023 | Quantitative. Degree of quantification |
303.023.2 | Categorial. Nominal |
303.023.22 | Dichotomous |
303.023.23 | Cardinal |
303.023.3 | Ordinal |
| 303.023.4 | Interval |
| 303.023.5 | Ratio |
303.024 | Relations of quantities |
| 303.024.2 | Absolute quantitative values |
303.024.3 | Relative quantitative values. Proportions. Standardized values. Indices |
303.025 | Empirical |
| 303.026 | Nonempirical |
| 303.028 | Open. Overt. Undisguised |
303.029 | Covert. Disguised |
303.03 | Degree of complexity and direction of research of the method |
303.031 | Dimensionality |
303.031.1 | Unidimensional |
303.031.12 | Quasi-unidimensional |
303.031.2 | Bidimensional. Two-dimensional |
303.031.3 | Three-dimensional |
303.031.4 | Multidimensional |
303.032 | Variability |
303.032.1 | Univariate |
303.032.2 | Bivariate |
303.032.4 | Multivariate |
303.035 | Orientation |
| 303.035.2 | Direction of analysis |
| 303.035.22 | R-analysis type (oriented on variables) |
| 303.035.23 | Q-analysis type (oriented on units) |
303.035.24 | Three-mode. Three-way (simultaneous) |
303.035.3 | Direction of testing |
303.035.31 | One-sided. Unilateral. Asymmetric. One-tailed |
303.035.32 | Two-sided. Bilateral. Symmetric. Two-tailed |
| 303.035.33 | Multi-sided. Multilateral |
| 303.035.4 | Direction of factors |
303.035.42 | Orthogonal |
303.035.43 | Oblique |
303.039 | Kind of control of the variables under study |
303.039.2 | Partial (without indirect influences) |
303.039.3 | Multiple (with multiple influences) |
303.039.4 | Crossed. Multiway (with multiple effects) |
303.039.5 | Canonical |
303.04 | Kinds of investigation. Research strategies. Investigation design |
303.42 | Investigation methods |
303.422 | Biographies. Biograms ⇨ 303.686 Biographical methods. Oral history methods ⇨ 929 Biographical studies |
303.423 | Small-group research Sociometric, genealogical investigations |
303.424 | Organizational research. Institutional research |
303.425 | Survey Opinion polling. Market research |
303.43 | Research strategies |
303.432 | With regard to database Primary, secondary investigations. Replication study |
303.433 | With regard to scope |
303.433.2 | Individual. Case study. Monographic study |
303.433.3 | Multi-case investigation |
303.436 | Origin of data |
303.436.2 | Archives. Libraries. Authorities |
303.436.3 | Field |
303.436.4 | Laboratory |
303.44 | Investigation design |
303.442 | Qualitative investigations ⇨ 303.022 Qualitative |
303.442.2 | Exploratory investigations |
303.442.22 | Descriptive investigations. Exploration of facts ⇨ 303.721 Descriptive analysis ⇨ 303.722 Dimensional analysis. Techniques of multivariate reduction |
| 303.442.23 | Field research. Analysis of social environment, milieu. ‘Natural sociology’ ⇨ 303.433.2 Individual. Case study. Monographic study ⇨ 303.686 Biographical methods. Oral history methods ⇨ 316.277 Phenomenological trend. Gestalt-theoretical trend (Mauss, G. H. Mead) |
303.442.3 | Analytical investigations ⇨ 164 Logistic. Symbolic logic. Mathematical logic. Logical calculus ⇨ 303.725.2 Theoretical analysis of models |
303.442.4 | Interpretative methods. Hermeneutic approach. Reconstructive methods. Investigation of meaning ⇨ 316.257 Frankfurt School. Critical theory. Hermeneutic trend (Horkheimer, Adorno, Marcuse) ⇨ 316.277 Phenomenological trend. Gestalt-theoretical trend (Mauss, G. H. Mead) ⇨ 930.2 Methodology of history. Ancillary historical sciences |
| 303.443 | Attendant, concomitant research. Scientific advice |
303.444 | Prognostic investigations |
| 303.445 | Nomologic studies. Parameter estimation |
303.446 | Comparative investigations |
303.446.2 | Cultural comparison. Cross-sectional comparison Intercultural comparison. Intracultural comparison |
303.446.3 | Time comparison Panel study, analysis. Trend study. Time series study. Cohort study, analysis |
303.446.4 | Historical comparison. Historiography |
| 303.447 | Hypothesis-testing investigations ⇨ 303.714 Measures and procedures of statistical tests |
303.447.2 | Nonexperimental Correlation studies |
| 303.447.3 | Experimental studies Natural experiment. Artificial experiment. Projective experiment |
| 303.448 | Method testing investigations ⇨ 303.714 Measures and procedures of statistical tests
|
303.5 | Selection. Sampling ◇ 303.5.01 Sampling theory |
| 303.51 | Fixing investigation population. Universe of investigation |
303.52 | Selection methods |
303.522 | Sample size |
303.522.2 | Total survey |
303.522.3 | Representative sample |
303.522.4 | Nonrepresentative sample |
303.523 | Sample collecting |
| 303.523.2 | Probability samples. Random samples |
303.523.3 | Conscious samples. Intentional samples |
303.53 | Sampling technique |
| 303.532 | Sampling framework. Sampling basis List sampling. Area sampling. Random walk |
| 303.533 | Selection of the investigating unit. Survey unit |
| 303.54 | Projection methods |
303.55 | Estimation of sample error |
| 303.6 | Survey methods |
| 303.62 | Inquiry methods. Interview. Questionnaire |
| 303.621 | Kinds of inquiry |
303.621.2 | Degree of standardization |
303.621.3 | Form of inquiry |
303.621.32 | Oral interview Personal interview. Telephone interview |
303.621.33 | Written interview Postal inquiry. Questionnaire schedule |
303.621.34 | Answer-sheet interview |
303.621.35 | Group interview. Group discussion methods |
| 303.621.36 | Special forms of questioning In-depth interview. Motivation interview |
303.622 | Questionnaire design Open questions. Options, multichoice questions |
303.623 | Interview strategy Hard, soft interview |
303.624 | Interviewer |
| 303.625 | Interviewee |
| 303.626 | Interview context Timing. Location |
| 303.627 | Recording, writing up of interview. Accessories at interview |
| 303.628 | Sociology of the interview |
| 303.63 | Observation methods |
303.632 | Kind of observation |
303.632.2 | Self-observation |
303.632.3 | Independent observation |
303.632.4 | Environmental observation ⇨ 303.688 Nonreactive methods. Unobtrusive measures |
303.633 | Observers Selection. Training |
303.634 | Observation scheme |
| 303.635 | Recording the observation Observation report. Technical accessories |
| 303.64 | Content analysis |
| 303.642 | Kinds of content analysis |
| 303.643 | Medium of content analysis |
303.643.2 | Kind of medium Written material. Audio material. Visual material |
303.643.3 | Form of medium ◇ 303.643.3:070 Newspapers as a medium ◇ 303.643.3(044.4) Business letters, office correspondence as a medium |
| 303.644 | Unit of analysis |
303.645 | Content analysis methods ◇ 303.645.063 Computerized content analysis |
| 303.68 | Special survey methods |
303.682 | Sociometry |
303.683 | Genealogical, ethnogenealogical methods |
303.684 | Elite-identifying techniques |
303.685 | Time-budget techniques |
303.686 | Biographical methods. Oral history methods ⇨ 303.422 Biographies. Biograms ⇨ 303.621.3 Form of inquiry ⇨ 929 Biographical studies ⇨ 930 Science of history. Historiography |
303.687 | Projective methods and techniques Word association. Rorschach |
303.688 | Nonreactive methods. Unobtrusive measures |
| 303.7 | Analysis procedures ◇ 303.7.032.1 Univariate ◇ 303.7.032.2 Bivariate ◇ 303.7.032.4 Multivariate |
303.71 | Statistical measures. Test statistics. Representation of analysis outcome |
| 303.711 | Matrix of the raw data. Frequency distribution. Tables |
303.712 | Descriptive statistical measures. E.g. distribution measures, measures of association ⇨ 303.721 Descriptive analysis |
| 303.714 | Measures and procedures of statistical tests ⇨ 303.214 Measuring criteria ⇨ 303.447 Hypothesis-testing investigations |
| 303.715 | Description or picture of the degree of equality. Representation of equations |
| 303.716 | Graphic pictures and solutions |
303.717 | Algorithms and programs |
303.72 | Kinds of analysis |
| 303.721 | Descriptive analysis Tabular analysis |
303.722 | Dimensional analysis. Techniques of multivariate reduction |
| 303.722.2 | Factor analysis |
303.722.3 | Multidimensional scaling. Smallest space analysis |
303.722.4 | Cluster analysis. Numerical taxonomy |
303.722.8 | Pattern recognition |
| 303.723 | Correlation analysis ◇ 303.723.032.2 Bivariate (simple) ◇ 303.723.039.2 Partial ◇ 303.723.039.3 Multiple ◇ 303.723.039.5 Canonical |
303.724 | Causal analysis Variance analysis. Regression methods, path analysis |
303.725 | Model analysis |
| 303.725.2 | Theoretical analysis of models |
| 303.725.3 | Empirical analysis of models |
303.725.33 | Application of methods of building and solving econometric models |
303.725.34 | Application of input-output analysis ◇ 303.725.34(083.41) Input-output tables ⇨ 330.44 Input-output analysis in economics. Input-output models |
303.725.35 | Application of operations research methods Application Note: Details by colon combination with the subdivision of 519.8 ⇨ 519.8 Operational research (OR): mathematical theories and methods
|
| 303.725.36 | Application of system theory, control theory and cybernetics Application Note: Details by colon combination with the subdivision of 519.71 ⇨ 519.71 Control systems theory: mathematical aspects |
| 303.725.37 | Application of information theory Application Note: Details by colon combination with the subdivision of 519.72 ⇨ 519.72 Information theory: mathematical aspects |
| 303.725.38 | Impact analysis and application of simulation ⇨ 303.733.4 Heuristic prognostic analysis. Planning games. Delphi method
|
303.73 | Levels of analysis |
303.732 | System levels |
| 303.732.2 | Individual data analysis. Aggregate data analysis |
303.732.3 | Multilevel analysis. Context analysis. Relation analysis |
303.732.4 | System analysis |
303.733 | Time level |
303.733.2 | Cross-sectional analysis |
303.733.3 | Longitudinal analysis. Time series analysis. Dynamic analysis Trend analysis. Markov chain analysis. Stochastic processes. Autoregressive models. Distributed lag models. Spectral analysis ⇨ 303.446.3 Time comparison |
303.733.4 | Heuristic prognostic analysis. Planning games. Delphi method ⇨ 303.725.38 Impact analysis and application of simulation |
303.8 | Research organization. Research procedure ⇨ 001.891 Scientific research
|
303.82 | Research organization ◇ 303.82-057.177 Directors ◇ 303.82-057.4 Researchers ◇ 303.82-057.54 Consultants |
| 303.823 | Organization of investigation ◇ 303.823-057.17 Managers, administrators of investigation |
| 303.823.2 | Research planning |
303.823.4 | Division of work Individual research. Teamwork. Cooperation with external bodies |
303.824 | Research report |
303.83 | Research procedure |
303.832 | Hypotheses |
303.832.2 | Assembling of thesis Evaluation of literature. Questioning of experts |
303.832.3 | Evaluation of thesis |
| 303.833 | Carrying out of investigation |
| 303.833.2 | Operationalizing ⇨ 303.211 Operational definition. Indicators |
303.833.3 | Survey |
303.833.4 | Processing. Coding |
303.833.5 | Analysis. Interpretation |
303.833.6 | Scientific discussion and criticism |
303.833.7 | Phases of the investigation |
| 303.833.8 | Error control. Error checking |
| 304 | Social questions. Social practice. Cultural practice. Way of life (Lebensweise) Scope Note: For special questions use the relevant classes, e.g. 001.18, 308, 316, 33, 36
|
304.2 | Social and cultural questions
|
| 304.3 | Way of life Scope Note: Use this class when all societal, social and cultural aspects of human activity in all fields of social and personal life are referred to. For way of life in the meaning of (outward) style of life, see 316.728 |
304.35 | Wellbeing. Wellness as a lifestyle Wellness achieved through simple living, minimalism, slow living Scope Note: Class here wellbeing in a general socio-cultural sense. Class here way of life striving towards a state of being comfortable, healthy, fulfilled or happy Application Note: Details on philosophical, psychological or medical aspects of wellness by colon combination Information Note: In Eastern European countries wellbeing may be referred to as “valeology” (science of healthy living) ◇ 304.35(485) Lagon. Swedish concept of wellbeing: life balance, moderation ◇ 304.35(489) Hygge. Danish concept of wellbeing: cosiness, contentment, comfortable living ◇ 304.35(520) Ikigai. Japanese concept of wellbeing: raison d’être, life value, mindfulness ⇨ 159.9.016.1 Body and soul. Body and mind ⇨ 159.938.363.6 Health ⇨ 17.022.1 Moral value judgement. Moral values, standards ⇨ 17.023.34 Pleasure. Happiness. Diminution of suffering ⇨ 17.036.1 Subjective purposes ⇨ 316.728 Style of life. Sociology of everyday life
|
304.4 | General aspects of social and cultural policy and practice |
| 304.42 | Theories regarding social and cultural policy |
| 304.44 | Application of social science knowledge. Social practice. Cultural practice ⇨ 316.42 Social change in global societies. Social development. Sociology of development ⇨ 36 Safeguarding the mental and material necessities of life |
304.442 | Social planning. Cultural planning |
304.444 | Possibilities for the conscious changing of the social and cultural realities. Social and cultural feasibility (Machbarkeit). Social and cultural desirability |
| 304.5 | Social science aspects of development in societies and between societies Scope Note: For special questions use the relevant classes, e.g.316.43, 339.96 |
304.9 | Critique and projection of the situation in society. Plans for the improvement of society. Social utopias |
| 305 | Gender studies Sex role. Gender. Persons from an interdisciplinary viewpoint Scope Note: Class here comprehensive works. Works dealing with a specific subject, e.g. Education, should be classed with the subject ◇ 305-055.1 Men’s studies ◇ 305-055.2 Women’s studies. Women and society ⇨ 347.156 Gender |
305.5 | Gender reassignment ⇨ 616-089.844 Autoplasty. Plastic surgery. Reconstruction. Organoplasty |
308 | Sociography. Descriptive studies of society (both qualitative and quantitative) Application Note: Details by common auxiliaries of place (Table 1e) and time (Table 1g) ◇ 308(430)”17″ The social situation of Germany in the 18th century ⇨ 338 Economic situation. Economic policy. Management of the economy. Economic planning. Production. Services. Prices |
| 31 | Statistics. Demography. Sociology |
| 311 | Statistics as a science. Statistical theory ⇨ 519.22 Statistical theory. Statistical models. Mathematical statistics in general |
| 311.1 | Fundamentals, bases of statistics |
| 311.11 | Statistical measures. Unit. Concept. Criterion |
311.12 | Statistical grouping |
311.13 | Statistical series. Classification Qualitative, quantitative classification |
| 311.14 | Statistical mean. Averages. Weights. Ratio |
| 311.141 | Index numbers |
| 311.15 | Distribution Standard deviation. Marginal values, limits. Quartile, percentile |
| 311.16 | Correlation. Coefficient of correlation. Coefficient of variation |
| 311.17 | Statistical analysis of complex movement phenomena |
| 311.171 | Fluctuations: short, medium term |
| 311.172 | Trend: long term. Fundamental direction of a movement |
| 311.174 | Seasonal fluctuations. Periodic fluctuations |
| 311.175 | Structural changes |
| 311.2 | Research technique. Preparation. Tabulation |
| 311.21 | Statistical research |
| 311.211 | Plan, programme, preparation of survey. Object, scope, location, duration Draft plan of enumeration. Error prediction. Cost estimates |
| 311.212 | Execution of survey Drafting, printing, distribution and collection of questionnaires. Individual and collective forms. Survey processes, organizations, agents (enumerators). Centralization. Decentralization |
| 311.213 | Kinds of research |
| 311.213.1 | Collection of primary statistical material |
| 311.213.2 | Representative methods Sampling. Spot-checking |
| 311.213.3 | Inquiries. Evaluation |
| 311.213.4 | Single (one-off) and continuous investigations |
| 311.213.5 | Collection of secondary statistical material |
| 311.213.6 | Monographs. Other methods not strictly statistical |
| 311.214 | Verification of material. Reliability, accuracy. Errors: systematic, accidental. Sources of error |
| 311.215 | Formulae for accuracy, for correction |
| 311.217 | Tabulation. Compilation of tables |
| 311.218 | Graphic presentation Diagrams. Cartograms. Histograms. Stereograms |
| 311.219.1 | Currency. Topicality. Up-to-dateness. Recency of research |
| 311.219.2 | Preservation, storage of statistical documents |
| 311.3 | General organization of statistics. Official statistics ◇ 311.3:331.56 Official unemployment statistics ◇ 311.3(492) Official statistics in the Netherlands |
| 311.31 | Kinds of official statistics |
| 311.311 | International statistics. Figures from international agencies |
| 311.312 | National statistics. Figures from national government agencies |
| 311.313 | Regional statistics. Figures from regional, provincial authorities, counties (UK), states (federal) |
| 311.314 | Local statistics. Figures from local authorities, municipalities |
| 311.4 | Private statistics |
| 311.41 | Statistics of associations, unions (trade, professional, etc.) |
| 311.42 | Statistics of (single) organizations. Management, internal statistics |
| 311.43 | Statistics of religious organizations, churches |
| 314/316 | Society |
| 314 | Demography. Population studies Application Note: Details by special auxiliaries 3.07/.08 ◇ 314.07 Demographic authorities, administration, institutions ◇ 314.08 Demographic personnel of authorities, officials |
| 314.01/.04 | Special auxiliary subdivision for demography |
| 314.01 | Subject, scope and aims of demography |
| 314.015 | Demographic programmes |
| 314.018 | Demometrics (measurement techniques) |
| 314.02 | Sources of demographic data, including vital statistics |
| 314.04 | Types and features of populations. Demographic phenomena. Impact on demographic development |
314.044 | Voluntary action or change |
| 314.045 | Compulsory, forced action or change |
| 314.1 | Population |
| 314.112 | Population theories |
| 314.113 | Population policy ◇ 314.113:323.12 Racist population policy. Including: Ethnic cleansing ◇ 314.113:323.12-025.44 Anti-racist population policy ◇ 314.113:323.14 Racial population policy ◇ 314.113.015 Programmes of population policy ⇨ 323.1 Nationalist, popular, ethnic movements and problems. National and ethnic minorities |
| 314.114 | Factors of demographic phenomena and their effects on social and economic development ◇ 314.114:33 Economic factors and their effects |
| 314.116 | Population change, growth, decline ◇ 314.116(083.41) Statistics of population change, growth, decline ◇ 314.116-022.252 Depopulation ◇ 314.116-022.257 Overpopulation ◇ 314.116-026.16 Stable population ◇ 314.116-026.23 Increase in population ◇ 314.116-026.24 Decrease in population ⇨ 316.362.4 Family size. Planning of the family |
| 314.116.1 | Population explosion |
| 314.116.3 | Population density |
| 314.117 | Composition and distribution of the population Application Note: Details by colon combination, common auxiliaries of place (Table 1e), ethnic grouping (Table 1f) and persons (Table 1k, -05) ◇ 314.117-054.51 Autochthonous inhabitants (peoples whose residence is also their place of birth) ◇ 314.117-054.52 Allochthonous inhabitants (people whose place of residence is not their place of birth) ◇ 314.117-054.72-027.583 Illegal immigrants ◇ 314.117-055.1 Preponderance of males ◇ 314.117-055.2 Preponderance of females ◇ 314.117-058.51 Wanderers. Vagrants |
| 314.117.1 | Composition and distribution according to birthplace or domicile |
| 314.117.11 | Composition and distribution according to birthplace |
| 314.117.13 | Composition and distribution according to domicile (de jure) |
| 314.117.15 | Composition and distribution according to residence (de facto) |
| 314.117.17 | Composition and distribution according to birthplace and residence |
| 314.117.3 | Households |
| 314.117.31 | Types of household ◇ 314.117.31:316.362 Households comprising family units ◇ 314.117.31-05-022.214 Households comprising one person |
| 314.117.312 | Alternative forms of household Communes |
| 314.118 | Life expectancy |
| 314.12 | Births |
| 314.14 | Death. Morbidity ⇨ 393 Death. Treatment of corpses. Funerals. Death rites |
| 314.15 | Migration. Movement of populations ◇ 314.15:343.343.62 Illegal immigration ◇ 314.15″32″ Seasonal migration ◇ 314.15-022.324 Permanent migration ◇ 314.15-022.326 Temporary migration ◇ 314.15-026.48 In-migration ◇ 314.15-026.49 Out-migration ◇ 314.15.044 Voluntary migration ◇ 314.15.045 Forced migration |
| 314.151 | Population transfer |
| 314.151.1 | Expatriation |
| 314.151.3 | Types of migrant Application Note: Details by common auxiliairies of persons (Table 1k, -05) ◇ 314.151.3-054.7 Expatriates. Exiles. Repatriates. Migrants. Stateless persons ◇ 314.151.3-054.72 Voluntary migrants. Including: Immigrants. Emigrants ◇ 314.151.3-054.73 Refugees. Evacuees. Displaced persons ◇ 314.151.3-054.74 Compulsory exiles. Banned persons (proscribed from entry). Expellees. Deportees ◇ 314.151.3-054.75 Repatriates ◇ 314.151.3-054.78 Stateless persons. Apatriates |
| 314.151.5 | Repatriation |
| 314.151.6 | Transit migration |
| 314.151.7 | Re-emigration |
| 316 | Sociology Application Note: Details on special sociologies by colon combination (Table 1b) ◇ 316:61 Medical sociology ⇨ 355.01 War. Sociology of war. Philosophy of war. Militarism ⇨ 37.013.78 Sociological pedagogics ⇨ 591.55 Animal societies. Animal sociology. Communal life |
| 316.01/.03 | Special auxiliary subdivision for sociology |
316.01 | Domains, approaches in sociology |
316.012 | Macrosociology |
| 316.013 | Mesosociology |
| 316.014 | Microsociology |
| 316.02 | Social groups according to proportion and size |
| 316.022 | Majorities. Minorities |
316.022.2 | Majorities |
| 316.022.4 | Minorities |
| 316.023 | Social groups according to size |
316.023.2 | Group of two and three people. Dyad. Triad |
| 316.023.4 | Small social groups |
| 316.023.5 | Medium social groups |
| 316.023.6 | Large social groups |
316.03 | Social groups according to interactions, relationships |
| 316.032 | Primary social group Scope Note: Groups with intimate, kinship-based relationships ⇨ -055.5/.7 Persons according to family or other kinship relations ⇨ -058.8 Persons according to marriage, family or other civil status ⇨ 173 Family ethics ⇨ 316.36 Marriage and family |
| 316.034 | Secondary social group Scope Note: Groups with formal, institutional relationships |
| 316.1 | Object and scope of sociology |
| 316.2 | Sociological points of view and trends Scope Note: The names of individual sociologists in the subdivisions of this class are intended only to characterise the type of tendency mentioned Application Note: Details by alphabetical extensions (Table 1h) |
| 316.22 | Mechanistic trend |
| 316.222 | Sociological mechanists (S. C. Haret, A. J. Lotka) |
| 316.223 | Sociological physicists (Carey) |
| 316.224 | Sociological energeticists (Solvay, Bekhterev, Ostwald, Winiarski) |
| 316.225 | Mathematical sociologists (Pareto, Carli) |
| 316.23 | Synthetic and geographical trends |
| 316.232 | Synthetico-geographical trend (Le Play) |
| 316.233 | Geographical trend (Jevons, Moore, Huntington) |
| 316.24 | Biological trend |
316.242 | Organicists (Lilienfeld, Schäffle, Worms, Novikov, Fouillée) |
| 316.243 | Race theory trend (Gobineau, Lapouge, Chamberlain) |
316.244 | Darwinian trend. Evolutionary theories of sociology. Historical sociology (Morgan, Bachofen, Spencer, Aron, Ginsburg) ⇨ 316.423.2 Evolutionary processes |
| 316.245 | Sociobiological trend. Demographic trend (Coste) |
316.246 | Biopsychological trend. Instinctivists |
316.25 | Sociologistic trends |
316.252 | Neopositivists (Roberty) |
316.253 | Pure sociologism (Durkheim) |
316.254 | Theory of group conflict (Gumplowicz, Oppenheimer) |
| 316.255 | Formal sociology. Morphological trend (Simmel, G. Richard, Von Wiese, Park, Burgess) |
| 316.256 | Institutional trend in sociology (Gehlen, Schelsky) |
316.257 | Frankfurt School. Critical theory. Hermeneutic trend (Horkheimer, Adorno, Marcuse) |
| 316.258 | Functionalism. Structural-functional sociology. Functional-structural sociology (Merton, Parsons, Luhmann) |
| 316.259 | Cybernetics trends, general systems theories, and game theories in sociology (K. W. Deutsch, Rappoport) |
| 316.26 | Marxist-Leninist sociology (Marx, Engels, Lenin) |
316.27 | Psychological trend |
316.272 | Sociology according to certain psychological factors (Tarde, Le Bon, Sighele) |
316.273 | Ethnic psychology (Lazarus, Steinthal, W. Wundt) |
| 316.274 | Introspectivists (Müller-Freienfels) |
| 316.275 | Behaviourist and experimental sociology. Learning theoretical trend (Skinner, Cooley, Dollard, Bandura, Opp) |
316.276 | Cognitive theories (Heider, Newcomb, Festinger, H. H. Kelley, Jones, Davis) Balance theory. Consistency theory. Dissonance theory. Attribution theory. Inference theory |
316.277 | Phenomenological trend. Gestalt-theoretical trend (Mauss, G. H. Mead) |
316.28 | Trends based on communication theory |
316.282 | Action theory (Max Weber) |
316.283 | Role theory. Reference group theory. Exchange theory (Homans, Blau, J. W. Thibaut, H. H. Kelley) |
316.285 | Conflict theory. Theories of social inequality (Coser, Dahrendorf, S. N. Eisenstadt) |
316.286 | Reflexive sociology. Paradigms based on communication theory (Habermas, Eisermann, Bendix, I. Eisenstädt) |
316.3 | Social structure. Society as a social system Application Note: Details by common auxiliaries of persons |
| 316.32 | Global societies Scope Note: Class here abstract, theoretical types of society Application Note: Details by common auxiliaries of place ◇ 316.32(493) Belgian society ◇ 316.323.72(439) Hungary as a socialist society ◇ 316.323.82(675)”18″ Nineteenth century Zaire as a colonial society ◇ 316.324.7(439) Hungary as an industrial society |
316.322 | General typologies of global societies |
316.323 | Socioeconomic types of global society. Socioeconomic formations |
316.323.2 | Kinship societies. Primitive society |
316.323.3 | Societies of Antiquity. Slave-owning societies ◇ 316.323.3-051 Slave owners ◇ 316.323.3-052 Slaves ⇨ 326 Slavery. Involuntary, unfree labour ⇨ 330.342.12 Slavery as economic system ⇨ 343.431 Enslavement. Subjugation. Slavery. Slave trade |
316.323.4 | Asiatic despotisms |
316.323.5 | Feudal societies |
316.323.6 | Capitalist societies |
316.323.62 | Early capitalist societies |
316.323.63 | High-capitalist societies |
| 316.323.64 | Late capitalist societies |
316.323.65 | Welfare State |
316.323.7 | Socialist and communist societies |
316.323.72 | Socialist societies |
316.323.73 | Communist societies. Classless societies |
316.323.8 | Colonial and neocolonial societies |
| 316.323.82 | Colonial societies |
316.323.83 | Neocolonial societies. Postcolonial societies |
316.324 | Global societies according to stages of economic development |
316.324.2 | Preagricultural societies |
316.324.22 | Hunting and gathering societies |
316.324.23 | Horticultural societies |
316.324.3 | Nomadic societies. Herding societies |
316.324.4 | Fishing societies. Maritime societies |
| 316.324.5/.7 | Agrar-industrial societies |
316.324.5 | Agricultural, agrarian societies |
316.324.6 | Preindustrial societies |
316.324.7 | Industrial societies |
316.324.8 | Postindustrial societies |
316.325 | Societies according to specific criteria Theocracies, mass societies |
316.33 | Basic elements and subsystems of global societies as sociological categories |
316.332 | Base and superstructure |
| 316.334 | Subsystems and institutions |
| 316.334.2 | Sociology of economic subsystems and institutions. Economic structure. Sociology of economics ◇ 316.334.2:338.439 Nutritional sociology ◇ 316.334.2:339.13 Sociology of the market |
| 316.334.22 | Sociology of work |
| 316.334.23 | Industrial sociology. Sociology of the enterprise |
| 316.334.3 | Sociology of political subsystems and institutions. Political sociology ◇ 316.334.3:321 Sociology of the state ◇ 316.334.3:324 Sociology of elections ◇ 316.334.3:329 Sociology of political parties |
316.334.4 | Sociology of legal subsystems and institutions. Sociology of law ⇨ 316.354 Purposive organized groups and organizations. Sociology of organizations ⇨ 316.75 Normative and evaluative aspects of culture. Ideology |
316.334.5 | Sociology of ecological subsystems and institutions ⇨ 502.22 The man-made environment ⇨ 504.61 Damage by man to the environment |
316.334.52 | Regional and community studies |
316.334.54 | Housing. Neighbourhood. Sociology of housing and dwelling |
| 316.334.55/.56 | Rurban sociology (country – town sociology). Community sociology |
316.334.55 | Rural communities. Rural sociology |
316.334.56 | Urban communities. Urban sociology |
| 316.34 | Social stratification. Social differentiation ⇨ 316.443 Social stratification processes |
316.342 | Types of social differentiation. Types of social stratification |
| 316.342.2 | Social classes |
316.342.3 | Castes |
316.342.4 | Standings. Estates |
| 316.342.5 | Strata. Social levels |
| 316.342.6 | Socioeconomic groups |
| 316.342.7 | Pillarization (‘Verzuiling’). Vertical categorization according to religion or ideology |
316.343 | Social stratification and class structure of different socioeconomic formations ◇ 316.343:316.323.3 Social differentiation in societies of antiquity and slave-owning societies ◇ 316.343:316.323.5 Social stratification in feudal societies ◇ 316.343:316.323.5:27-722.5 Christian clergy in feudal societies ◇ 316.343:316.323.62 Social stratification in early capitalist societies ◇ 316.343:316.323.62-058.14 Workers, proletarians in early capitalist societies ◇ 316.343:316.323.82 Class structure in colonial societies |
316.343.7 | Social differentiation of the socialist and communist societies |
| 316.343.72 | Social differentiation under socialism |
316.343.75 | Social differentiation under communism |
316.344 | Social differentiation according to specific criteria |
| 316.344.2 | According to economic factors |
| 316.344.22 | According to the ownership of production means |
| 316.344.23 | According to economic status and income and wealth |
| 316.344.24 | According to occupation or employment |
316.344.25 | According to economic sectors, e.g. mining, agriculture |
316.344.26 | According to position within the production process and production cycle. E.g. workers in primary or secondary processes of production |
316.344.27 | According to participation in employment ⇨ 331 Labour. Employment. Work. Labour economics. Organization of labour |
316.344.3 | According to education and knowledge |
| 316.344.32 | Intellectuals. Literate. Illiterate |
316.344.34 | According to education, training and schooling ◇ 316.344.34:373 According to general school ◇ 316.344.34:377 According to vocational, technical, professional training ◇ 316.344.34:378.2 According to university and college qualifications |
316.344.4 | According to possession of authority and power ⇨ 316.46 Leadership |
316.344.42 | Elites |
| 316.344.43 | Ruling classes and strata |
316.344.44 | Suppressed classes and strata |
316.344.5 | According to legal status, e.g. civil rights, personal freedom, privileges |
316.344.6 | According to health and working ability |
316.344.7 | Marginal strata. Alienated and excluded strata and groups |
316.344.8 | According to self-identification |
316.346 | Demographic differentiation ⇨ 314 Demography. Population studies |
316.346.2 | According to sex. Sexes ◇ 316.346.2-055.1 Men ◇ 316.346.2-055.2 Women |
316.346.3 | According to age |
316.346.32 | Age groups ◇ 316.346.32-053.6 Youth sociology ◇ 316.346.32-053.9 Sociology of the elderly |
316.346.36 | Generations |
316.347 | Social differentiation according to specific national, ethnic and religious origins ◇ 316.347(=01) Grouping according to ancestry groups, ethnicity |
316.35 | Social groups. Social organizations Application Note: Details by special auxiliaries 316.023, from 316.01/.03 ◇ 316.35.023.2 Dyads and triads ◇ 316.35.023.4 Small groups ◇ 316.35.023.5 Mesogroups. Mesoorganizations ◇ 316.35.023.6 Large groups. Large organizations ⇨ 061 Organizations and other types of cooperation ⇨ 316.342.6 Socioeconomic groups ⇨ 316.45 Group processes |
316.351 | Social groups according to cohesiveness |
316.353 | Groups according to disposition or interest |
316.354 | Purposive organized groups and organizations. Sociology of organizations ◇ 316.354:351/354 Sociology of public administration ◇ 316.354:355.1 Sociology of the armed forces ⇨ 061 Organizations and other types of cooperation ⇨ 316.334.4 Sociology of legal subsystems and institutions. Sociology of law |
316.354.2 | Regulative groups |
316.354.4 | Voluntary groups |
| 316.356 | Ascribed, nonvoluntary and predetermined groups Groups based on parentage |
316.356.2 | Consanguinity groups |
316.356.4 | Nonconsanguinity ascribed groups Races. Nations |
316.36 | Marriage and family |
316.361 | Nuptiality. Marriage. Union. Cohabitation ◇ 316.361″4″ Duration of marriages and unions ⇨ -058.833 Married persons. Spouses ⇨ 173.1 Marriage. Matrimony ⇨ 2-45 Marriage and the family ⇨ 347.62 Marriage ⇨ 392.5 Marriage. Wedding. Nuptials |
316.361.1 | Types of marriage, union, cohabitation Common law marriages ◇ 316.361.1-027.581 Legal marriages ◇ 316.361.1-027.582 Unions without legal force ◇ 316.361.1-028.85 Prohibited forms of marriage |
316.361.11 | Marriage by number of spouses ◇ 316.361.11-022.214 Monogamy ◇ 316.361.11-022.214-055.1 Monandry ◇ 316.361.11-022.214-055.2 Monogyny ◇ 316.361.11-022.218 Polygamy ◇ 316.361.11-022.218-055.1 Polyandry ◇ 316.361.11-022.218-055.2 Polygyny |
316.361.13 | Marriage between partners from different religious, ethnic, cultural backgrounds. Mixed marriage ◇ 316.361.13:2 Marriage between different religions denominations ◇ 316.361.13:27+28 Marriage between Christians and Muslims ◇ 316.361.13(=088) Marriage between different ethnic groups. ‘Interracial’ marriage |
316.361.15 | Same-sex marriage. Gay marriage ⇨ 316.362.34 Family based on same-sex union |
316.362 | Family units ⇨ 392.3 Family life. Familial systems |
316.362.1 | Relationships within family units ◇ 316.362.1-055.52-055.62 Parent-child relationship ◇ 316.362.1-055.71 Relationships between siblings ◇ 316.362.1-058.833-055.1-055.2 Husband-wife relationship |
| 316.362.3 | Types of family unit |
| 316.362.31 | Single-parent family ◇ 316.362.31-058.832-055.1 Single father family ◇ 316.362.31-058.832-055.2 Single mother family ⇨ -058.832 Single, unmarried persons |
316.362.32 | Nuclear family |
316.362.3 | Step family ◇ 316.362.33-058.854 Step parents ◇ 316.362.33-058.854-055.1 Family with stepfather ◇ 316.362.33-058.854-055.2 Family with stepmother ⇨ -058.854 Step-parents |
316.362.34 | Family based on same-sex union ⇨ 316.361.15 Same-sex marriage. Gay marriage |
316.362.35 | Extended family |
316.362.4 | Family size. Planning of the family ◇ 316.362.4:364-782.44 Planning in relation to adoption ◇ 316.362.4-021.121 Actual family size ◇ 316.362.4-021.333 Ideal family size ⇨ 613.888.15 Contraception. Birth control |
316.362.5 | Childless families |
| 316.362.7 | Stages of family life |
316.362.71 | Families with children at home |
316.362.72 | Families whose children have left home |
| 316.363 | Break up, dissolution of marriages or unions |
316.363.1 | Death of one partner. Widowhood. Widowerhood ⇨ -058.835 Widowed persons |
316.363.5 | Desertion. Separation. Divorce ⇨ 2-454 Divorce ⇨ 347.627.2 Divorce |
316.363.52 | Shared custody of offspring |
316.364 | Remarriage |
| 316.366 | Celibacy. Bachelorhood. Spinsterhood ⇨ -058.832 Single, unmarried persons ⇨ 176.2 Celibacy ⇨ 2-447.7 Abstinence. Celibacy |
| 316.367 | Sexual relations and practices from the social structure point of view Scope Note: Class here studies on sexual relations from the point of view social structure and interactions. For sexual life and sexology in general, see 613.88/.89. For sexual ethics, see 176. For religious attitude towards sex, see 2-447 |
316.367.2 | Sexual practice Masturbation. Oral sex. Anal sex Scope Note: Class here sexual practice from the point of view of social relationships. For sexual practices in general, see 613.883/.885, for sexual pathology, see 616.89-008.442 ◇ 316.367.2:343.542.5 Sexual relations with offspring. Incest ⇨ 613.883.246 Masturbation ⇨ 613.888 Sexual hygiene |
316.367.5 | Heterosexual relations ⇨ -055.4 Persons according to sexual identity and gender ⇨ 613.880.25 Heterosexuality |
| 316.367.7 | Homosexual relations. Gay and lesbian relations ⇨ -055.34 Homosexual. Gay ⇨ 613.880.26 Homosexuality |
| 316.37 | Individuals (as a basic element of social structure) |
316.4 | Social processes. Social dynamics |
| 316.4.05 | Types of social process |
| 316.4.051 | Processes in time |
316.4.051.2 | Recurring processes. Cyclic processes |
| 316.4.051.3 | Nonrecurring processes. One-way processes |
316.4.051.6 | Processes between and within generations |
| 316.4.051.62 | Intragenerational processes. Intra-cohort processes ⇨ 316.477 Course of life. Social career |
| 316.4.051.63 | Intergenerational processes. Supersedence of cohorts |
| 316.4.057 | Processes according to way of manifestation |
| 316.4.057.2 | Manifest processes |
316.4.057.4 | Latent processes |
| 316.4.06 | Function, effect and determinants of social processes |
| 316.4.062 | Social function |
316.4.063 | Social impact. Effect of processes |
| 316.4.063.2 | Differentiation |
| 316.4.063.22 | Division of labour |
316.4.063.24 | Disintegration. Polarization |
| 316.4.063.3 | Integration. Approach, overture or rapprochement. Dedifferentiation |
316.4.063.34 | Cooperation |
| 316.4.063.36 | Stabilization |
| 316.4.063.4 | Differentiation and integration as effect of the same process |
| 316.4.063.5 | Regression |
316.4.063.6 | Destruction |
316.4.063.7 | Repression |
| 316.4.066 | Social determinants. Stimulating social forces |
316.42 | Social change in global societies. Social development. Sociology of development ⇨ 316.32 Global societies |
316.421 | Origin of global societies and social structures |
316.422 | Reform. Transformation. Innovation. Modernization |
316.422.4 | Progress |
316.422.42 | Social progress |
316.422.44 | Scientific-technical progress |
316.422.6 | Decline. Retrogression |
| 316.423 | Evolutionary and revolutionary processes |
| 316.423.2 | Evolutionary processes ⇨ 316.244 Darwinian trend. Evolutionary theories of sociology. Historical sociology (Morgan, Bachofen, Spencer, Aron, Ginsburg) |
316.423.3 | Revolution. Revolutionary processes |
| 316.423.6 | Emancipation ◇ 316.423.6:316.346.2-055.2 Emancipation of women ◇ 316.423.6:326-052 Emancipation of slaves |
| 316.43 | Planned social development ⇨ 304 Social questions. Social practice. Cultural practice. Way of life (Lebensweise) |
316.44 | Social differentiation processes. Stratification processes. Social mobility |
| 316.442 | Social differentiation processes |
| 316.443 | Social stratification processes |
316.444 | Social mobility ◇ 316.444.051.63 Intergenerational mobility ⇨ 314.15 Migration. Movement of populations ⇨ 316.73 Cultural dynamics |
316.444.2 | Horizontal mobility (within social strata) |
316.444.3 | Vertical mobility |
316.444.5 | Occupational mobility |
316.446 | Barrier to mobility |
316.45 | Group processes |
| 316.452 | Formation of groups |
| 316.453 | Development of groups. Innovation of groups |
| 316.454 | Processes within groups. Intragroup relations |
| 316.454.2 | Group membership. Individual and group |
| 316.454.3 | Group behaviour. Collective behaviour. Mass behaviour |
| 316.454.4 | Cohesion |
| 316.454.5 | Interaction and communication in groups |
| 316.454.52 | Communication in groups |
316.454.54 | Interaction in groups |
| 316.454.56 | Group coercion. Group pressure |
| 316.454.7 | Group dynamics. Group performance |
| 316.455 | Intergroup relations Relations between ethnic and ancestry groups |
316.46 | Leadership |
| 316.46.058 | Style of leadership |
316.46.058.2 | Democratic. Cooperative |
| 316.46.058.3 | Laissez-faire. Permissive |
316.46.058.4 | Authoritarian. Autocratic |
316.46.058.5 | Manipulative |
| 316.46.058.6 | Expressive |
316.46.058.7 | Instrumental |
| 316.46.058.8 | Centralized or decentralized |
| 316.462 | Authority. Power. Dominance |
316.464 | Collective leadership |
316.466 | Rotating leadership |
| 316.468 | Change of leadership |
316.47 | Social relations. Interpersonal relations Application Note: Details by special auxiliaries 316.4.05 and 316.4.06 ◇ 316.47.063.3 Approach ⇨ 316.4.05 Types of social process ⇨ 316.4.06 Function, effect and determinants of social processes |
316.472 | Social relations according to participants ⇨ 316.455 Intergroup relations |
| 316.472.3 | Relations between groups and individuals |
| 316.472.4 | Interpersonal relations. Social networks |
316.472.42 | Face-to-face relations |
| 316.472.43 | Indirect contacts between individuals |
316.472.45 | Characteristics of social networks. Number of contacts |
| 316.472.47 | Social resources (in one’s own social network) |
316.473 | Social perception ◇ 316.473:316.663 Role perception |
316.474 | Interpersonal attraction |
| 316.475 | Interpersonal influence. Imitation |
| 316.476 | Interpersonal competition. Rivalry |
316.477 | Course of life. Social career ⇨ 316.346.3 According to age ⇨ 316.4.051.62 Intragenerational processes. Intra-cohort processes ⇨ 316.612 Development of personality |
316.48 | Social conflict. Sociology of conflicts Scope Note: For conflict theory as a sociological trend |
316.482 | Conflict according to unities involved Application Note: Details by special auxiliaries 316.4.05 ◇ 316.482.051.63 Generation conflicts ⇨ 316.4.05 Types of social process |
316.482.3 | Class conflicts. Class struggle |
316.482.5 | Race conflicts |
| 316.483 | Conflict according to reason of conflict Role conflicts |
| 316.485 | Social means of conflict. Means of regulation of conflicts |
| 316.485.2 | Social means of conflict |
316.485.22 | Protest |
| 316.485.24 | Resignation. Passivity |
| 316.485.26 | Violent means. Terror. Coup d’état. War |
| 316.485.6 | Conflict regulation. Conflict solution. Conflict strategy |
316.6 | Social psychology ⇨ 159.9 Psychology ⇨ 316.4 Social processes. Social dynamics ⇨ 316.75 Normative and evaluative aspects of culture. Ideology ⇨ 316.77 Social communication. Sociology of communication
|
| 316.61 | Sociocultural personality. Socialization of personality ⇨ 159.923 Type psychology. Individual psychology. Psychology of individualities. Individuality. Personality. Character psychology. Characterology. Idiosyncrasies. Personal equation. Personality types ⇨ 316.37 Individuals (as a basic element of social structure) |
| 316.612 | Development of personality ⇨ 316.477 Course of life. Social career |
| 316.613 | Sociocultural qualities of personality Application Note: Details by colon combination with the subdivision of 159.9 ⇨ 159.9 Psychology |
316.613.4 | Social feelings. Emotions ⇨ 159.942.52 Feelings. Sentiments ⇨ 316.642.2 Affective components |
| 316.613.42 | Prosocial emotions Affinity. Friendship |
| 316.613.43 | Asocial and antisocial emotions |
316.613.432 | Defensive emotions Distrust |
| 316.613.434 | Offensive emotions Hostility |
316.613.5 | Social character. Basic personality ⇨ 159.923 Type psychology. Individual psychology. Psychology of individualities. Individuality. Personality. Character psychology. Characterology. Idiosyncrasies. Personal equation. Personality types |
316.614 | Socialization ◇ 316.614.032 Primary socialization ◇ 316.614.034 Secondary socialization ⇨ 316.663 Social role ⇨ 316.73 Cultural dynamics |
| 316.614.2 | Phases of socialization |
| 316.614.3 | Social learning. Social sanctions |
| 316.614.4 | Parts of the socialization process Internalization (introjection). Inhibition. Reinforcement mechanisms |
| 316.614.5 | Agencies of socialization. E.g. family, school, firm |
316.614.6 | Objects of socialization. Effects of socialization |
316.62 | Human behaviour. Social behaviour. Social life Application Note: Details on kind of behaviour by colon combination (Table 1b) ◇ 316.62:324 Voting behaviour ⇨ 316.454.3 Group behaviour. Collective behaviour. Mass behaviour ⇨ 316.663.5 Role behaviour. Role playing. Role taking. Role distance ⇨ 330.16 Physio-psychological factors. Economic behaviour, conduct. Demands. Wishes. Inhibition, restraint. Economic instincts. Intuition |
| 316.621 | Activity and passivity in social behaviour |
316.622 | Behaviour patterns ⇨ 316.75 Normative and evaluative aspects of culture. Ideology |
316.623 | Conventional behaviour |
316.624 | Deviant behaviour. Social pathology |
316.624.2 | Marginal behaviour. Asocial behaviour ⇨ 177.82 Asocial attitudes |
| 316.624.3 | Antisocial behaviour ◇ 316.624.3:364.634 Harassment as antisocial behaviour ◇ 316.624.3:364.636 Bullying as antisocial behaviour
|
316.625 | Goal-oriented behaviour. Action Scope Note: For action theory as a sociological trend |
| 316.626 | Elements of social behaviour |
316.627 | Prosocial behaviour Altruistic behaviour |
316.628 | Motivation of social behaviour. Needs. Aspirations Primary, innate motives (drives). Secondary, acquired motives (social motives). Conflict of motives ⇨ 159.947.5 Intentions. Motives. Desires, wishes ⇨ 331.101.3 Attitude to work. Work motivation. Work morale. Work incentives |
| 316.64 | Social attitudes. Views. Social consciousness |
| 316.642 | Components of attitudes |
316.642.2 | Affective components ⇨ 316.613.4 Social feelings. Emotions |
| 316.642.3 | Cognitive component. Belief system. Persuasions ⇨ 316.276 Cognitive theories (Heider, Newcomb, Festinger, H. H. Kelley, Jones, Davis) |
316.642.4 | Conative component. Behavioural component |
| 316.643 | Interconnectedness of attitudes |
316.643.2 | Attitude system. Attitude constellation |
| 316.643.3 | Attitude conflict. Attitude dissonance |
| 316.644 | Attitudes according to objects Application Note: Details on an attitude to a particular object by colon combination ◇ 316.644:331.56 Attitude to unemployment
|
316.645 | Attitude characteristics. Attitude dimensions Direction. Strength. Rank. Coherence. Lability. Stability. Rigidity |
316.647 | Basic attitudes |
| 316.647.5 | Tolerance. Intolerance |
| 316.647.6 | Conformism. Nonconformism. Fatalism |
316.647.7 | Dogmatism. Fanaticism |
| 316.647.8 | Stereotypes. Prejudices |
| 316.647.82 | Discrimination |
316.648 | Formation and change of attitudes Application Note: Details on the origins of attitude formation or change by colon combination ◇ 316.648:316.35 Social group as origin of attitude formation |
| 316.648.2 | Formation of attitudes |
| 316.648.3 | Establishment of attitudes |
| 316.648.4 | Attitude change |
316.65 | Opinion ⇨ 303.425 Survey ⇨ 316.77 Social communication. Sociology of communication ⇨ 323.23 Political persuasion. Agitation. Influencing of public opinion ⇨ 659 Publicity. Information work. Public relations
|
| 316.652 | Relation between opinions |
| 316.652.2 | Opinion homogeneity. Consistency and consensus of opinion |
| 316.652.3 | Disagreement. Inconsistency of opinion. Dissent |
316.653 | Public opinion |
316.654 | (Public) opinion on particular objects and issues ◇ 316.654:623.454.8 (Public) opinion on nuclear weapons |
| 316.658 | Formation and change of (public) opinion |
316.658.2 | Formation of opinion |
316.658.3 | Opinion change |
| 316.658.4 | Influencing (public) opinion by publicity and propaganda |
| 316.66 | Social position. Social status. Social role |
316.662 | Social position and social status Application Note: Details on a particular social status by colon combination |
| 316.662.2 | Social position and social status according to various criteria ◇ 316.662.2:005.732 Status within a firm’s hierarchy |
| 316.662.3 | Status segment. Status set. Status sequence |
316.662.4 | Status characteristics. Status symbols |
| 316.662.5 | Congruency (status consistency). Incongruency, ambiguity (status inconsistency) |
316.663 | Social role Scope Note: Class role perception under 316.473 Application Note: Details by colon combination and/or common auxiliaries of person ◇ 316.663-057.85 Social role of intellectuals ⇨ 316.473 Social perception |
316.663.2 | Social role according to various criteria Fundamental or peripheral role. Primary or secondary role. Role according to the implied risk of sanction |
316.663.3 | Role segment. Role set. Role sequence |
| 316.663.4 | Role expectations |
316.663.5 | Role behaviour. Role playing. Role taking. Role distance Application Note: Details on role conflict by colon combination with the subdivision of 316.48 ⇨ 316.48 Social conflict. Sociology of conflicts |
| 316.663.6 | Role attributes |
316.7 | Sociology of culture. Cultural context of social life |
316.72 | Various types of culture |
316.722 | Culture of various societies. Civilization |
| 316.723 | Subcultures. Cultures of various groups |
316.728 | Style of life. Sociology of everyday life ⇨ 304.3 Way of life |
316.73 | Cultural dynamics |
316.732 | Acculturation |
316.733 | Cultural change |
| 316.734 | Diffusion of culture |
316.736 | Enculturation ⇨ 316.614 Socialization |
316.74 | Agencies of culture. E.g. religion, science, education ◇ 316.74:001 Sociology of knowledge ◇ 316.74:2 Sociology of religion ◇ 316.74:316 Sociology of sociology ◇ 316.74:37 Educational sociology ◇ 316.74:7 Sociology of the arts ◇ 316.74:78 Sociology of music ◇ 316.74:81 Sociology of language ◇ 316.74:82 Sociology of literature |
316.75 | Normative and evaluative aspects of culture. Ideology |
| 316.752 | Values ⇨ 172 Social ethics. Duties to one’s fellow humans |
316.752.4 | Value conflicts |
316.754 | Norms and laws |
316.754.4 | Norm conflicts |
316.754.6 | Taboos |
| 316.758 | Anomie. Social disintegration |
316.77 | Social communication. Sociology of communication ⇨ 007 Systems science and systems theory. Information and communication theory. Control theory (cybernetics)
|
316.772 | Kinds of communication |
316.772.2 | Communication according to coding and decoding Verbal, nonverbal, open, formal communication |
316.772.3 | Communication according to differentiation Multistep, direct, unilateral, network communication |
| 316.772.4 | Communication according to participation Interpersonal, dynamic, public communication |
| 316.772.5 | Communication according to information and communication technology Man-machine communication Scope Note: Class here issues related to communication infrastructure: press, telegraph, radio, telephony, computer technology |
| 316.773 | Subject of communication |
316.773.2 | Form of the subject of communication. Symbols |
316.773.3 | Content of the subject of communication. Message |
316.773.4 | Meaning and interpretation of the subject of communication |
316.774 | Means of information transfer. Channels. Media ◇ 316.774:654.1 Sociological aspects of telecommunication ⇨ 07 Media. Mass media. Mass communication. Media and communication studies |
316.775 | Participants in communication |
316.775.2 | Communicator. Transmitter |
316.775.3 | Mediator Filter. Gatekeeper. Multiplier. Opinion leader. Modulator |
316.775.4 | Receiver. Audience |
| 316.776 | Communication processes. Information exchange |
316.776.2 | Effects on communication |
| 316.776.22 | Quality of information flow Redundancy. Noise. Barrier |
316.776.23 | Influence on subject Biased information. Distortion |
316.776.3 | Effects of communication |
316.776.32 | Dissemination. Use |
316.776.33 | Impact |
316.776.34 | Reaction. Feedback |
316.776.4 | Metacommunication Reflectivity. Assessment |
32 | Politics ◇ 32-055.2 Women and politics |
| 321 | Forms of political organization. States as political powers ⇨ 308 Sociography. Descriptive studies of society (both qualitative and quantitative) ⇨ 342 Public law. Constitutional law. Administrative law |
321.01/.02 | Special auxiliary subdivision for forms of political organization |
321.01 | General theory of the state. Theory and philosophy of power. State and territory. Authority and opposition. Usurpation ⇨ 323.2 Relation between people and state. Internal political activities ⇨ 342.1 State. People. Nation. Power of the state ⇨ 342.2 State. Structure of states |
321.011 | Sovereignty |
321.011.1 | Sovereignty embodied in one person |
| 321.011.3 | Federal sovereignty |
| 321.011.5 | Popular sovereignty. Principles of democracy |
| 321.011.7 | Transfer of sovereignty to supranational organs |
| 321.013 | Reorganization of states. Territorial changes (boundary changes). Partition of states ⇨ 341.218 Formation, recognition, transformation, end of states |
321.014 | Delegation of powers. Delegation to private bodies ⇨ 342.32 Delegation of powers. Delegation to private bodies |
| 321.015 | Separation of powers. Balance of powers ⇨ 342.33 Separation of powers. Balance of powers. Division of powers |
321.02 | Form of political activity |
321.021 | Unorganized |
321.022 | Organized |
321.1 | Origins of government Scope Note: Class here studies of historical, developmental and comparative aspects of government in general ◇ 321.1:316.324.22 Origins of government in hunting and gathering societies ◇ 321.1″637.7″ Origins of government in late bronze age ⇨ 321.5/.8 Forms of government |
321.5/.8 | Forms of government |
321.5 | Traditional and pre-modern form of rule. Government in early societies Scope Note: Class here types of governments in horde (nomadic) societies, tribes, bands, clans and settled communities |
321.52 | Clan or kinship-based rule |
| 321.53 | Government in chiefdoms |
| 321.6 | Undemocratic forms of government. Dictatorship in general |
| 321.61 | Absolute monarchy. Absolutism Despotism, tyranny |
321.62 | Feudalism ⇨ 326.91 Serfdom. Involuntary tenant-farmers |
| 321.63 | Elitist systems of government Aristocracy, plutocracy, oligarchy, plutarchy, rule by patrician classes, theocracy |
| 321.64 | Authoritarian, totalitarian government. Dictatorship Totalitarianism. One-party state. Military dictatorship Scope Note: Regimes based on political and nationalist movements, military dictatorship, one party rule. Dictatorship of a singly party or group ◇ 321.64:321.74 Totalitarian governments based on socialist democracy ⇨ 321.74 Socialist democracy. ‘People’s’ democracy |
| 321.65 | Syndicalist, corporative state |
| 321.7 | Democracy ◇ 321.1:321.7(38) Democracy in ancient Greece ⇨ 328 Parliaments. Representation of the people. Governments |
| 321.72 | Parliamentary democracy |
321.727 | In monarchic state. Constitutional monarchy |
| 321.728 | In republican state. Republics |
321.74 | Socialist democracy. ‘People’s’ democracy Socialist democracy based on the philosophy of communism, Government by, dictatorship of, the proletariat. Socialist form of state ◇ 321.74:321.64 Socialist democracy in the form of dictatorship ◇ 321.74(47+57) Soviet form of socialist government ◇ 321.74(510) Chinese form of socialist government ⇨ 141.82 Scientific socialism, communism, Marxism. Marxism-Leninism ⇨ 321.64 Authoritarian, totalitarian government. Dictatorship |
321.8 | Supranational forms of government ⇨ 341.232 International aid, assistance, support. Cooperation. Mutual aid. Development aid |
| 322 | Relations between church and state. Policy towards religion. Church policy Exclusion of laity. Anticlericalism. Conflict of civil and ecclesiastical authority. Church as exercising state authority ◇ 322(430)”18″ Policy of secularity in 19th century Germany: Kulturkampf ⇨ 2-67 Relations between faiths or with society in general. Religion and society ⇨ 342.731 Freedom of conscience. Freedom of worship, of religious ceremony |
| 322.2 | Union and separation of church and state |
| 322.22 | Union |
| 322.24 | Separation |
| 322.9 | Agreements. Concordats |
| 323 | Home affairs. Internal policy ⇨ 329 Political parties and movements ⇨ 342.71 Nationality. Citizenship |
| 323.1 | Nationalist, popular, ethnic movements and problems. National and ethnic minorities ⇨ 314.117 Composition and distribution of the population ⇨ 341.231 Autonomy. Independence. Right of self-determination. Right to regulate own constitution. Right of legislation. Right of self-administration. Right of diplomatic representation. Petition for autonomy ⇨ 342.724 Ethnic equality. Religious equality. Equality of ethnic groups, creed, colour. Ethnic minorities ⇨ 342.725 Linguistic rights |
| 323.11 | Composition of population according to nationalities |
| 323.111 | Mixing and separation of ethnic groups, languages and nationalities |
323.112 | Diffusion, spread of races and nationalities |
| 323.113 | Nationals and subjects abroad |
| 323.118 | Racial separation ◇ 323.118(680) In South Africa: apartheid ⇨ 342.724 Ethnic equality. Religious equality. Equality of ethnic groups, creed, colour. Ethnic minorities |
| 323.12 | Movements against particular ethnic groups or nationalities ◇ 323.12(=411.16) Antisemitism |
323.13 | Movements in favour of particular ethnic and cultural groups or nationalities ◇ 323.13(=411.16) Zionism |
| 323.14 | Chauvinism. Ethnocentricity. Racialism |
| 323.15 | National, ethnic minorities ⇨ 327.58 Citizens and nationals abroad. National minorities and optants as foreign-policy problem |
| 323.153 | Optants (with option of nationalities) |
323.17 | Autonomy, self-determination of nationalities |
323.171 | Centralism, centralization. Unitarism, unitary state |
323.172 | Decentralization. Federalism. Efforts at regional autonomy. Devolution |
323.173 | Separatism. Secessionism |
323.174 | Regionalism (regional emphasis without autonomy or separatism) |
| 323.2 | Relation between people and state. Internal political activities |
323.21 | Involvement of the people in state affairs. Positive attitude of citizen to state |
| 323.212 | Participation arising from voluntary initiative Through artistic or scientific activity. Through financial support |
| 323.213 | Participation through official initiative National days. Education about the constitution |
323.215 | National celebrations and commemorations ⇨ 327.32 International solidarity of working classes |
323.22/.28 | Internal political developments ⇨ 323.4 Class war. Forms of class warfare |
| 323.22 | Negative attitude of citizen to state Dissension. Unrest. Rebellion |
323.23 | Political persuasion. Agitation. Influencing of public opinion ◇ 323.23:37 Political persuasion by means of education ◇ 323.23:654.19 Persuasion by means of broadcasting: radio, television ⇨ 316.658.4 Influencing (public) opinion by publicity and propaganda |
323.232 | Political agitation ◇ 323.232-027.583 Illegal agitation |
323.233 | Assemblies and voting. Declarations. Demonstrations. Processions. Protest marches |
323.234 | Petitions |
323.25 | Passive resistance, noncooperation Hunger strikes. (Consumer) boycotts. Sit-ins. Civil disobedience |
323.26 | Active resistance |
| 323.262 | Boycotts (industrial, political). Blacking |
323.263 | Sabotage |
323.264 | Political strikes. Pickets, picketing ⇨ 331.109.32 Strikes |
323.266 | Exaggerated and false information |
323.268 | Provocation |
| 323.269 | Other campaign methods |
| 323.269.3 | Riots. Civil disturbance |
| 323.269.6 | Unrest. Rebellion. Revolts |
323.27 | Revolution. Overthrow, (violent) change of government. Putsch. Coup d’état |
| 323.272 | Revolutions |
323.273 | Counter-revolutions |
323.276 | Coups d’état. Putsch |
| 323.28 | Political persecution. Terrorism ⇨ 343.197 Special courts. Tribunals ⇨ 343.301 Political crimes in general |
323.281 | Political persecution |
| 323.282 | Terrorism by authorities |
323.283 | Terrorism against authorities |
323.284 | Terrorism by political groups against each other |
| 323.285 | Acts of terrorism Criminal violence. Assassination, political murder |
323.3 | Social groups and strata. Ranks. Vocations ◇ 323.3:2-722.5 Clergy. Officers of the religion ◇ 323.3:326-052 Slaves. Serfs ◇ 323.3:338.45-051 Industrial workers ◇ 323.3:63-051 Agricultural workers. Farmers ◇ 323.3-057.16 Employees ◇ 323.3-057.17 Managers in general ◇ 323.3-057.2 Technical staff. Manual workers (blue-collars) ◇ 323.3-057.214 Craftsmen ◇ 323.3-058.12 Upper-class persons ◇ 323.3-058.13 Middle-class persons |
323.38 | Relations between social classes |
323.381 | Class structure under capitalism |
323.382 | Collaboration of social classes. Efforts to lessen economic conflict |
| 323.383 | Organization of social classes and castes |
323.39 | Other questions of social class Elites. Demi-monde. Underworld ⇨ 316.34 Social stratification. Social differentiation |
323.4 | Class war. Forms of class warfare |
324 | Elections. Plebiscites. Referendums. Election campaigns. Electoral corruption, malpractice. Election results ⇨ 342.8 Electoral law. Voting. Electoral systems |
325 | Opening up of territories. Colonization. Colonialism |
325.3 | Colonization in general. Colonial policy |
| 325.35 | Administration of colonies by the mother country |
| 325.357 | Representation of colonies in the mother country Representation in parliament ⇨ 325.457 Representation of dependent territories in the mother country (colonial power) |
325.36 | Colonial empires. Colonial imperialism. Colonial federalism ⇨ 327.2 Imperialism. Imperialistic policy. Political expansionism |
325.4 | Colonial administration. Internal policy in colonies |
325.45 | Internal organization and administration of colonies and other nonsovereign territories |
325.451 | Administrative organs of the colonial power in the dependent territory ⇨ 354.12 Ministry for colonial affairs. Colonial Office |
| 325.452 | Native governments and their administrative organs Native parliaments and councils 325.454 Treatment and status of natives. Condition of the native population. Policy towards natives Colour bar ⇨ 323.118 Racial separation |
325.454 | Treatment and status of natives. Condition of the native population. Policy towards natives Colour bar ⇨ 323.118 Racial separation |
325.455 | Public property. State domain. Administration of ownerless areas in colonies |
325.456 | Colonial companies Chartered colonial companies. Companies holding monopolies, concessions, privileges ⇨ 334.75 Supraorganizational arrangements between businesses, etc. in a market economy about concentration and cooperation. Umbrella agreements |
325.455 | Public property. State domain. Administration of ownerless areas in colonies |
| 325.456 | Colonial companies Chartered colonial companies. Companies holding monopolies, concessions, privileges ⇨ 334.75 Supraorganizational arrangements between businesses, etc. in a market economy about concentration and cooperation. Umbrella agreements |
| 325.457 | Representation of dependent territories in the mother country (colonial power) Representation in parliament ⇨ 325.357 Representation of colonies in the mother country |
| 325.5 | Kinds of colony and colonization |
325.51 | Penal colonies ⇨ 343.814 Penal colonies. Penal settlements. Convict settlements |
| 325.52 | Military colonies ⇨ 355.12 Military life (service life) in peace and war ⇨ 355.352 Colonial forces |
325.53 | Colonies of (economic) exploitation ⇨ 325.456 Colonial companies |
| 325.54 | Colonies of settlers. Population displacement and migration for colonial purposes ⇨ 314.15 Migration. Movement of populations |
325.7 | Opening-up of territories beyond the earth |
| 325.8 | Achievement of independence. Independence movements Application Note: Details by colon combination with the subdivision of 323.2 ⇨ 323.2 Relation between people and state. Internal political activities |
| 325.81 | Cultural emancipation |
325.83 | Struggle for independence |
| 325.84 | Attainment of dominion status |
325.85 | Achievement of autonomy |
| 325.86 | Achievement of complete independence |
326 | Slavery. Involuntary, unfree labour ◇ 326(364) Slavery in Celtic tribes region ◇ 326-051 Slave owners ◇ 326-052 Slaves ⇨ 316.323.3 Societies of Antiquity. Slave-owning societies ⇨ 343.431 Enslavement. Subjugation. Slavery. Slave trade |
| 326.1 | Slave trade ◇ 326.1(6) Slave trade in Africa ◇ 326.1(=411.21) Slave trade in Arab world ◇ 326.1″15″(=822.21) Aztec slave trade in 16th century ◇ 326.1″16/18″(261) Atlantic slave trade from 17th to 19th century ◇ 326.1-055.25 Traffic in girls ⇨ 176.5 Prostitution. Procuring. Public sexual morality ⇨ 330.342.12 Slavery as economic system ⇨ 343.431 Enslavement. Subjugation. Slavery. Slave trade ⇨ 343.545 Living on the earnings of prostitution. Procuring. Pimping. White slave trade |
326.4 | Struggle against slavery |
| 326.8 | Abolition of slavery |
326.9 | Involuntary servitude and unfree labour |
326.91 | Serfdom. Involuntary tenant-farmers Helots (in ancient Greece), coloni (in ancient Rome) |
326.92 | Bonded labour, debt-bondage, peonage Indentured servants (redemptioners), wage slavery ◇ 326.92-053.2″20″ Bonded child-labour in 21st century |
326.95 | Penal servitude, penal labour, punitive labour Convict leasing, hard labour in labour camps, prison farms, penal colonies, gulags Scope Note: Class here historical and political aspects of penal servitude. To denote labour as a penalty in criminal law prefer 343.813 ⇨ 325.51 Penal colonies ⇨ 343.813 Penal servitude. Forced labour. Hard labour |
327 | International relations. World, global politics. International affairs. Foreign policy ⇨ 172.4 Moral relations among nations. International ethics ⇨ 341 International law |
327.2 | Imperialism. Imperialistic policy. Political expansionism ⇨ 325.36 Colonial empires. Colonial imperialism. Colonial federalism |
| 327.3 | Internationalism. International movements, objectives ⇨ 2-784 Religious groups and lay orders not defined by purpose or membership ⇨ 27-788 Monastic orders in Christianity. Monasticism. Religious orders proper ⇨ 329.7 Political and national movements and alliances in various areas |
| 327.32 | International solidarity of working classes |
327.321 | First of May, May Day. International Labour Day |
| 327.323 | International cooperation in Labour Movement |
327.323.1 | International Workingmen’s Association (IWA) / First international (1864-1876) |
327.323.2 | Second International (1889-1916) ⇨ 327.321 First of May, May Day. International Labour Day |
327.323.3 | International Communist movements Third International. Comintern |
327.323.7 | Other international efforts and tendencies within the Labour movement Trotskyism. ‘Fourth International’ |
327.33 | Movements for harmony, understanding between peoples |
| 327.35 | Unification movements with political basis Irredentism |
327.36 | Movements for the establishment and maintenance of peace between peoples |
| 327.362 | Pacifist movements |
| 327.364 | World peace movement. World Peace Council |
327.366 | Conscientious objection Refusal of draft, conscription, military service ◇ 327.366-051 Conscientious objectors |
327.37 | Disarmament movements Moral, economic, physical disarmament ⇨ 341.67 Disarmament. Permanent, durable peace. Limitation of ‘A’, ‘B’, ‘C’ weapons: atomic (nuclear); biological (bacterial); chemical. Nonproliferation. Limitation of strategic arms ⇨ 355.019 Prevention of wars |
327.39 | Movements for integration or alliance on language, ethnic (racial), religious, geographical and other principles ◇ 327.39:28 Pan-Islamic movement ◇ 327.39(6) Pan-Africanism ◇ 327.39(=16) Pan-Slavism ⇨ 323.1 Nationalist, popular, ethnic movements and problems. National and ethnic minorities |
327.5 | International blocs. Tension, conflict |
| 327.51 | Formation of power blocs, military alliances, treaty organizations (pacts) as sources of conflict. Committed, aligned countries ⇨ 341 International law |
| 327.54 | Cold war |
| 327.55 | Non-bloc, uncommitted, nonaligned countries |
| 327.56 | Relaxation of tension, détente. Settlement of international conflicts ◇ 327.56:341.6 By international courts of arbitration, tribunals |
327.57 | Peaceful coexistence |
| 327.58 | Citizens and nationals abroad. National minorities and optants as foreign-policy problem ⇨ 323.15 National, ethnic minorities |
| 327.7 | Activity of international and intergovernmental organizations ⇨ 341.1 Law of international organizations ⇨ 341.24 International legal acts. International agreements. International treaties |
327.8 | Political influence, pressure, on other states |
327.81 | Influencing with gifts, favours, inducements |
327.82 | Diplomatic influence, pressure |
| 327.83 | Political influence and pressure by nongovernmental organizations and institutions By the international trades union movement. By the churches |
| 327.84 | Pressure through secret service, espionage ⇨ 355.40 Intelligence. Gathering, study and transmission of information. Secret service. Espionage (spying) |
| 327.88 | Subversive agitation. Political intrigues. Demoralization. Fifth column. Diversionism, conspiracy |
| 328 | Parliaments. Representation of the people. Governments ⇨ 321.7 Democracy ⇨ 342.53 Parliamentary law. Parliaments. Assemblies of representatives. Other bodies wielding supreme power |
| 328.1 | Parliament and government |
| 328.12 | Formation of parliamentary majorities |
| 328.122 | Parliamentary majorities Parliamentary coalitions |
328.123 | Parliamentary minorities. Opposition Obstruction |
328.124 | Formation of political groupings Agricultural, economic, religious and other groupings ⇨ 328.184 Influence through lobbies. Lobbying (from outside) |
328.126 | Parliamentary groups. Parliamentary parties. Parliamentary factions |
328.128 | Transfer of allegiance by representatives (members of parliament) to other parties or factions |
| 328.13 | Cabinets |
| 328.131 | Formation of cabinet. Head of government. Prime minister, premier. Minister presiding, Minister President |
| 328.132 | Kinds of cabinet. Kinds of government |
328.132.2 | Majority cabinets. Majority governments |
328.132.3 | Minority cabinets. Minority governments |
328.132.4 | Coalition cabinets. Coalition governments |
| 328.132.5 | National cabinets. National governments |
| 328.132.6 | Extraparliamentary cabinets. Extraparliamentary governments |
328.132.7 | Royal cabinets. Presidential cabinets. Presidential governments |
328.16 | Cabinet crises. Government crises. Parliamentary crises |
| 328.161 | Cabinet crises. Government crises |
328.161.2 | Government crises. Vote of no confidence |
| 328.161.4 | Vote of confidence |
328.162 | Parliamentary crises |
328.17 | Resignations |
328.172 | Resignation and dissolution of cabinets. Resignation of cabinet members |
328.174 | Resignation and dissolution of parliaments |
328.176 | Withdrawal of mandates. Dismissal of representatives (members of parliament) |
328.178 | Resigning of mandate |
| 328.18 | Relationships among parliaments, governments, administration, the economy, the public |
328.181 | Influence of the public on parliaments and governments ◇ 328.181:070 Through the press, newspapers ◇ 328.181:654.19 Through broadcasting, radio, television |
| 328.182 | Influence of various social and economic groups on parliaments and governments. Influence of sectional interest groups |
328.183 | Influence of political parties on governments |
328.184 | Influence through lobbies. Lobbying (from outside) ⇨ 328.124 Formation of political groupings |
328.185 | Corruption |
| 328.187 | Relations between parliament and voters, electorate |
328.188 | Relations among parliament, the economy and administration Protection. Nepotism. Family influence |
328.3 | Functions of parliaments |
328.32 | Formation of political climate, will, purpose |
328.34 | Legislation. Passing of laws ⇨ 342.52 Legislative power |
328.36 | Control over government. Watchdog function |
329 | Political parties and movements ◇ 329(410) Lab British Labour Party ◇ 329(430)SPD Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands ◇ 329(438)PZPR Polska Zjednoczona Partia Robotnicza (Polish United Workers’ Party) ◇ 329(73)Dem Democratic Party, USA |
329.051/.058 | Special auxiliary subdivision for position of parties and movements |
329.051 | Government parties. Parties in power |
| 329.052 | Opposition parties |
| 329.053 | Splinter parties |
329.054 | Satellite parties |
329.055 | Tendencies within parties. Wings |
| 329.055.1 | Extreme right |
| 329.055.2 | Right |
329.055.3 | Centre. Centrist |
329.055.4 | Left |
329.055.5 | Extreme left |
329.058 | Attitudes of parties to particular problems |
| 329.058.1 | Positive |
329.058.2 | Negative |
| 329.058.3 | Indifferent |
| 329.1/.6 | Classification of political parties and movements according to general political outlook and aims |
329.11 | Conservative attitude |
| 329.12 | Liberal attitude |
| 329.13 | Progressive attitude. Revolutionary attitude |
329.14 | Socialist attitude. Social-democratic attitude |
329.145 | Reformist deviations |
329.146 | Revisionist deviations |
| 329.147 | Dogmatist deviations |
| 329.15 | Communist attitude |
| 329.17 | Nationalist attitude |
329.18 | Fascist attitude |
329.21 | Monarchist attitude |
| 329.23 | Republican attitude |
| 329.26 | Revanchist outlook |
| 329.271 | Adherents of a unitary state (unitarists) |
| 329.272 | Adherents of a federal state (federalists) |
| 329.273 | Separatist outlook. Secessionist outlook |
| 329.275 | Aim of unification of territories (unionists, territorial revisionists) |
| 329.281 | Syndicalist outlook |
| 329.285 | Anarchist outlook |
| 329.286 | Nihilist outlook |
| 329.29 | Advocates of a corporate state (corporatists) |
329.3 | Parties and movements with religious outlook ◇ 329.3:271/279 Christian outlook ◇ 329.3:28 Islamic, Muslim, Mohammedan outlook |
329.36 | Parties and movements with antireligious, atheist, anticlerical outlook |
329.361 | Antireligious outlook |
329.362 | Anticlerical outlook |
329.4 | Parties and movements with predominantly ethnic, racial, linguistic aims |
329.42 | Racial separation (apartheid) movements |
| 329.61 | Illegal parties and movements |
329.614 | Underground movements |
329.63 | Parties and movements with special interests |
| 329.7 | Political and national movements and alliances in various areas |
| 329.71 | Political mass organizations Scope Note: Class here political organizations in e.g. socialist democracies such as ‘Popular Front’ or ‘National Front’ ⇨ 321.74 Socialist democracy. ‘People’s’ democracy |
329.73 | National movements in general |
329.733 | Movements for national strength and territorial defence. Premilitary and paramilitary organizations ⇨ 355.233.11 Military education and preparation of the young, of civilians. Premilitary preparation |
329.734 | Movements for the preservation of public order |
| 329.735 | Formations of parties and movements for defensive and offensive purposes |
329.75 | Soldiers’ and veterans’ movements |
| 329.78 | Political and national youth movements ◇ 329.78-055.1 For boys ◇ 329.78-055.2 For girls |
| 329.8 | Party structure. Party strategy. Party tactics |
| 33 | Economics. Economic science |
| 33.01/.06 | Special auxiliary subdivision for economics and economic science |
33.01 | Theory |
33.011 | Criteria. Definition. Concept |
33.012 | Forms. Structures. Divisions. Branches. Systems of arrangement |
| 33.012.1 | Transparency. Discernability |
| 33.012.2 | According to the socioeconomic system |
33.012.23 | In a market economy |
33.012.24 | In a planned economy |
33.012.3 | Systems according to types and forms of the property and sources of financing |
33.012.32 | Private |
33.012.322 | Owned by individuals, families, partnerships |
33.012.324 | Owned by corporations, organizations, institutions, limited companies |
33.012.327 | Sole ownership by a legal or natural person |
| 33.012.328 | Mortmain |
33.012.33 | Publicly owned |
| 33.012.332 | State ownership |
| 33.012.334 | Municipal. Provincial. Local authority |
| 33.012.34 | Cooperative, collective ownership |
| 33.012.35 | Socialized (publicly funded) |
| 33.012.36 | Mixed types |
| 33.012.4 | Forms of organization according to commercial purpose |
| 33.012.42 | Private profit oriented. Free market |
| 33.012.421 | Liberalization of trade |
| 33.012.43 | Controlled market |
| 33.012.432 | Oligopolistic market |
| 33.012.434 | Monopolistic market |
| 33.012.135 | Protectionism |
33.012.436 | Autarky. Economic self-sufficiency |
| 33.012.438 | Imperialistic protectionism. Colonial trade system |
| 33.012.438.2 | Colonialist system |
| 33.012.438.4 | Neocolonialist system |
| 33.012.44 | Social profit oriented |
| 33.012.46 | Non-profit-making organizations |
| 33.012.5 | Forms of organization according to degree of autonomy of partners |
| 33.012.52 | With no autonomy |
| 33.012.54 | With restricted autonomy |
| 33.012.56 | Autonomous |
| 33.012.6 | Forms of organization according to size ⇨ 005.71 Organizational types. Organizations. Bodies |
33.012.61 | Correlation between size and other factors. Economics of scale ◇ 33.012.61-022.51 Small. Tiny ◇ 33.012.61-022.55 Medium. Average ◇ 33.012.61-022.56 Big. Large scale ⇨ 33.056 Size. Extent. Quantity. Return |
| 33.012.7 | Distribution of decisive power ◇ 33.012.7-048.73 Centralization ◇ 33.012.7-048.74 Decentralization ⇨ 330.341.44 Concentration. Centralization |
33.012.8 | Distribution of resources ◇ 33.012.8-044.247 Integration of resources ◇ 33.012.8-045.49 Concentration of resources ◇ 33.012.8-045.52 Spread, dispersal of resources ⇨ 330.341.44 Concentration. Centralization |
| 33.014 | Volume in economic sense ◇ 33.014-026.23 Growing, increasing volume ◇ 33.014-026.24 Diminishing, decreasing volume ◇ 33.014-026.27 Stationary, static volume |
| 33.014.2 | Cyclic behaviour |
| 33.014.3 | Net volume |
33.014.4 | Gross volume |
33.014.6 | Quota |
| 33.015 | Causes. Origin |
33.018 | Individual theories |
| 33.02 | Policy. Planning. Control. Measures. Instruments |
| 33.021 | Policy. Analysis ◇ 33.021-047.72 Forecasting ◇ 33.021-047.74 Planning |
| 33.021.8 | Reforms |
33.024 | Regulatory aspects |
| 33.024.2 | Free |
| 33.024.3 | Subject to control. Tied |
| 33.025 | Influence in general. Measures and instruments. Intervention in economic life |
| 33.025.1 | Influence through administrative measures. Intervention |
| 33.025.12 | Regulation. Control |
| 33.025.13 | Supervision |
| 33.025.15 | Authorization |
| 33.025.16 | Restrictions. Prohibitions. Ban. Trade Barriers. Closures ⇨ 341.655 Economic sanctions |
33.025.2 | Intervention in status of ownership |
| 33.025.26 | Collectivization |
33.025.27 | Transfer into state ownership. Nationalization |
| 33.025.28 | Privatization. Denationalization |
| 33.025.3 | Licenses. Permits. Consessions. Protection |
| 33.025.5 | Quota-fixing. Quotas. Allocation |
33.025.7 | ‘Most favoured nation’ policy |
33.027 | Material support, allocations, incentives, encouragements of development |
33.027.2 | Customs-free zones |
33.028 | Moral support |
| 33.05 | Dynamic aspects. Qualitative and quantitative aspects. Changes ◇ 33.05-026.23 Increasing, growing, expanding ◇ 33.05-026.24 Decreasing, diminishing, shrinking |
| 33.051 | Calculation |
| 33.053 | Settlement. Balance. Equilibrium |
| 33.053.2 | Disturbances of balance |
| 33.053.22 | Active Surplus. Overrated. Overvaluation ⇨ -026.12 Active |
| 33.053.23 | Passive Deficit. Shortage. Underrated. Undervaluation ⇨ -026.11 Passive |
33.053.4 | Optimal rate, optimal balance ⇨ -022.233 Optimum ⇨ -048.34 Optimization |
33.054.22 | Profit |
33.054.23 | Loss |
| 33.055 | Quantitative changes. Turnover ◇ 33.055-021.387 Unchanging. Constant. Stagnating ◇ 33.055-044.53 Increases. Overproduction ◇ 33.055-044.57 Reductions. Underproduction |
| 33.056 | Size. Extent. Quantity. Return ◇ 33.056-022.51 Small. Tiny ◇ 33.056-022.55 Medium. Average ◇ 33.056-022.56 Big. Large scale |
| 33.057.7 | Exchange relations. Terms of trade |
| 33.06 | Financial regulations. Financial operations |
| 33.061 | Regular operations. Transactions |
| 33.061.1 | Credit transactions |
| 33.061.2 | Debit transactions |
| 33.061.3 | Noncredit exchange transactions |
| 33.061.6 | Brokerage. Commission |
| 33.061.61 | Brokerage with entitlement to interest |
33.061.62 | Brokerage without entitlement to interest |
| 33.063 | Supplementary, occasional operations |
| 33.066 | Financial quotations |
| 33.067 | Kinds of credit (loans) according to term and risk |
33.067.21 | Short term credit. Money market |
| 33.067.22 | Long term credit. Capital market |
33.067.31 | Credit without material security. Personal credit |
33.067.32 | Credit with material security. Credit on real property, or other tangible collateral |
33.067.8 | Constant-value loans, fixed-value loans |
| 330 | Economics in general ⇨ 005 Management ⇨ 316.334.2 Sociology of economic subsystems and institutions. Economic structure. Sociology of economics ⇨ 338 Economic situation. Economic policy. Management of the economy. Economic planning. Production. Services. Prices ⇨ 339 Trade. Commerce. International economic relations. World economy |
330.1 | Science of economics. Basic economic concepts, theory. Value. Capital. Funds |
| 330.101 | Science of economics in general. Economics and its problems, uncertainties. Object and methods of political economy |
330.101.2 | Empirico-descriptive economics |
330.101.3 | Deductive rational economics |
330.101.4 | Normative-teleological economics |
| 330.101.5 | Special methodological problems |
| 330.101.52 | Statics. Dynamics. Equilibrium |
330.101.54 | Macroeconomics. Microeconomics |
| 330.101.541 | Macroeconomics ⇨ 330.5 National property. National assets. Social product. Balance of the economy. Estimation of national product |
330.101.542 | Microeconomics ⇨ 658 Business management, administration. Commercial organization |
330.101.8 | Classification and subdivisions of economics Theoretical, practical. Pure, applied. General, special. Relation of economics to theory of political economy. Interrelations of political economics, private economics, business economics (commercial economics). Relation of general to special political economics. Sectorial economics |
| 330.11 | Economic phenomena and laws |
330.111 | Concept of the economy. Definitions |
330.111.2 | Manner of production |
| 330.111.4 | Factors, determinants in production. Productive forces |
| 330.111.42 | Distribution of factors in production |
| 330.111.44 | Exchangeability of factors in production |
| 330.111.6 | Circumstances of production |
| 330.111.62 | Property ratios as production ratios. Ownership |
| 330.111.64 | System of distribution |
| 330.111.66 | Socioeconomic sectors |
| 330.111.8 | Relation of productive forces to production ratios |
| 330.112 | Purpose, aims of economic management |
| 330.112.1 | Satisfaction of demand |
| 330.112.2 | Creation of profit |
330.113 | Concept of laws, principles in economics. Predictability. Regularity. Economic laws |
330.113.2 | Universal character of economic laws |
330.113.4 | Historical relativity of economic laws |
| 330.113.6 | Mode of effect of economic laws |
| 330.117 | Subjects of economic management: individuals, groups, state |
| 330.12 | Objects of economic management. Goods. Services |
| 330.121 | Scarcity of goods. Rarity |
330.122 | Free goods |
| 330.123 | Economic goods |
330.123.1 | Renewable and nonrenewable goods |
| 330.123.2 | Reproducible and nonreproducible goods |
330.123.3 | Stocks |
330.123.4 | Goods for consumption (consumables) |
| 330.123.5 | Goods for use (durables) |
330.123.6 | Services ⇨ 338.46 Services. Service industries. Tertiary sector |
330.123.7 | Means of production Capital goods. Fuel. Raw materials |
| 330.13 | Profitability. Economic principle. Utility. Value. Value principle ⇨ 338.5 Prices. Price formation. Costs |
| 330.131 | Basis of profitability. Economic principle. Economic calculation |
330.131.3 | Concept of the economic dimension |
330.131.5 | Economic utility effect. Social utility |
330.131.7 | Risk, uncertainty, in economic sense |
330.132 | Utility. Use. Usefulness. Exploitability. Usability |
330.132.2 | Marginal utility |
330.132.6 | Sentimental value |
330.133 | Wares. Goods. Utility value and exchange value. Economic value |
| 330.133.1 | Utility value |
330.133.2 | Yield value |
| 330.133.3 | Exchange value |
330.133.4 | Replacement value |
| 330.133.6 | Individual value and social value |
330.133.7 | Measurement of value |
| 330.133.8 | Commercial value of labour capacity ⇨ 331.214 Economic theory of wages |
| 330.135 | Value principle |
| 330.138 | Theories of value |
330.138.1 | Objective value theories |
330.138.11 | Production cost theory |
| 330.138.12 | Replacement cost theory |
| 330.138.13 | Theory of labour saving |
330.138.14 | Labour theory of value |
330.138.15 | Theory of working time value (K. Marx) |
| 330.138.2 | Subjective value theories Marginal utility theory (marginal value) |
330.138.8 | Negative value theories |
| 330.14 | Capital. Funds for material production ◇ 330.14.01 Theories of capital ⇨ 330.32 New formation of capital |
330.142 | Forms and kinds of capital |
330.142.1 | Free capital |
330.142.2 | Invested capital |
330.142.21 | Productive capital |
| 330.142.211 | Investment capital. Fixed capital |
330.142.211.2 | Depreciation (decrease in value through wear and tear, etc.) |
330.142.211.4 | Amortization |
330.142.212 | Circulating capital. Working capital. Floating capital ⇨ 658.14/.17 Financial matters in general |
| 330.142.22 | Loan capital Usury capital. Bank capital |
| 330.142.23 | Finance capital. Financial oligarchy. Finance capitalism |
| 330.142.24 | Trade capital |
330.142.26 | Turnover capital |
330.142.27 | Commodity capital |
| 330.142.28 | Fictitious capital. Watering stock |
330.143 | Capital profit. Capital gain. Rate of profit. Profit from capital investment. Increase in value. Value added. Rate of appreciation ⇨ 332.68 Returns from land. Rents ⇨ 336.78 Interest. Return on capital. Interest yield. Lotteries |
330.143.1 | Capital gain. Return on capital |
330.143.12 | Rate of gain. Rate of profit |
| 330.143.2 | Value added |
330.144 | Distribution of capital |
330.144.1 | National distribution of capital |
| 330.144.2 | International distribution of capital |
| 330.145 | Circulation of capital. Capital transfer |
330.146 | Accumulation of capital. Capital formation |
| 330.147 | Concentration and centralization of capital |
| 330.15 | Natural factors. Soil. Nature. Natural forces. Natural wealth ⇨ 332.2 Land economics ⇨ 502 The environment and its protection ⇨ 504 Threats to the environment |
330.16 | Physio-psychological factors. Economic behaviour, conduct. Demands. Wishes. Inhibition, restraint. Economic instincts. Intuition |
| 330.161 | Egoism. Altruism. Activities for personal benefit and that of others. Interests |
330.162 | Community spirit. Solidarity. Economic morality. Care |
| 330.163 | Demands |
| 330.163.1 | Kinds of demand |
330.163.11 | Individual demands |
330.163.12 | Collective demands |
| 330.163.13 | Subsistence demands |
| 330.163.14 | Cultural demands |
330.163.15 | Demands for luxuries |
330.163.2 | Elasticity of demand |
330.163.3 | Scales of demand. Urgency of demand. Satisfaction of demand Gossen’s first and second laws |
330.3 | Dynamics of the economy. Economic movement |
| 330.31 | Economic circulation. Replacement ◇ 330.31:330.14 Circulation and replacement of capital |
330.311 | Simple replacement |
330.313 | Production process |
330.314 | Circulation process |
330.32 | New formation of capital |
330.322 | Investments. Capital formation ◇ 330.322.01 Investment theory ◇ 330.322.011 Investment criteria ◇ 330.322.014 Volume of investment ◇ 330.322.014.3 Net investment ◇ 330.322.014.4 Gross investment ◇ 330.322.014.6 Investment quota |
330.322.1 | Investment according to source of finance |
| 330.322.12 | Private investment |
330.322.14 | Public investment. State investment |
330.322.16 | Investment with private and public participation |
330.322.2 | Investment in material production |
| 330.322.3 | Investment other than in material production ◇ 330.322.3:37 Investment in education |
330.322.4 | Investment in proportion to investment requirement ◇ 330.322.4.053.2-022.221 Underinvestment ◇ 330.322.4.053.2-022.257 Overinvestment |
| 330.322.5 | Profitability, efficiency of investments. Return on investments |
330.322.54 | Measurement of investment profitability. Investment accounting. Estimation of returns on investments |
330.322.55 | Payback period of investments |
| 330.322.7 | Multiplier effect |
330.322.8 | Acceleration effect |
330.322.9 | Disinvestment. Realization, consumption of capital |
| 330.33 | Cyclic behaviour of trade. Business cycles Scope Note: Class here theoretical aspects only. For information of a descriptive nature see 338.1 ◇ 330.33.01 Theory of business cycles, trends ◇ 330.33.014.2 Cyclic behaviour of trade ◇ 330.33.015 Causes of business trends ⇨ 338.1 Economic situation. Trade cycle. Development of economic structure. Growth |
330.34 | Economic development Scope Note: Class here theoretical aspects only. For information of a descriptive nature see 338.1 ◇ 330.34.01 Theory of economic development ◇ 330.34.011 Definition of economic development ◇ 330.34.014 Volume, kinds of economic development ◇ 330.34.014-026.23 Growing economy ◇ 330.34.014-026.27 Stationary economy ⇨ 338.1 Economic situation. Trade cycle. Development of economic structure. Growth |
| 330.341 | Factors influencing economic development ◇ 330.341:32 Political factors |
330.341.1 | Development of productive power. Technical progress. Innovation |
330.341.2 | Development of production ratios. Institutional changes |
| 330.341.4 | Structural changes |
| 330.341.42 | Changes in the proportions of branches of the economy to each other. Structure of the economy according to economic sectors, branches. Division of labour in society |
| 330.341.424 | Industrialization |
330.341.426 | De-industrialization |
| 330.341.44 | Concentration. Centralization ⇨ 332.156 Concentration and deconcentration |
330.341.46 | Deconcentration. Decentralization. Hiving off. Dispersal ⇨ 332.156 Concentration and deconcentration |
330.342 | Developmental level. Stages of development of the economy. Economic systems |
330.342.1 | Economic stages according to development of production |
| 330.342.11 | Primitive economic systems Individual economy. Family economy. Tribal economy. Household economy. Primitive community economies. Early communism |
330.342.12 | Slavery as economic system |
330.342.13 | Feudal economy |
330.342.14 | Capitalist economy |
330.342.141 | Classical capitalism. Capitalism of fair competition |
330.342.142 | Monopoly capitalism. Mature capitalism |
| 330.342.143 | State monopoly capitalism. Late capitalism |
| 330.342.146 | Social market economy. Economy of the welfare state |
| 330.342.15 | Socialist economy. Communist economy |
330.342.151 | Socialist economy |
330.342.152 | Communist economy |
330.342.17 | System of free economy and controlled economy |
330.342.172 | Free economy. Laissez-faire |
330.342.173 | Controlled economy. Interventionism |
330.342.2 | Economic stages according to productivity, to degree of industrialization |
330.342.21 | Undeveloped (underdeveloped) economy. Preindustrial economy |
330.342.22 | Developing economy. Industrializing economy |
330.342.23 | Developed economy. Industrialized economy |
330.342.24 | Fully developed economy. Highly industrialized economy |
330.342.3 | Economic stages from individual economy to world economy (Bücher) |
330.342.4 | Economic stages according to other structural principles Theories of List, Hildebrand, Rostow |
330.35 | Economic growth Scope Note: Class here theoretical aspects only. For information of a descriptive nature see 338.1 ◇ 330.35.01 Theories of economic growth ◇ 330.35.011 Definition of economic growth |
330.352.2 | Extensive growth |
330.352.3 | Intensive growth |
330.354 | Factors determining economic growth ◇ 330.354:330.322 Investment as growth factor |
| 330.356 | Relationship of individual factors of economic growth |
| 330.356.2 | Capital coefficient. Capital-output ratio |
330.356.3 | Capital productivity |
330.356.4 | Capital intensity. Capital-labour ratio |
330.356.7 | Production function |
| 330.357 | Rate of growth in the economy. Growth tempo ◇ 330.357:330.322 Investment rate |
| 330.36 | Economic equilibrium. Proportionality of the economy Scope Note: Class here theoretical aspects only. For information of a descriptive nature see 338.1 ◇ 330.36-022.233 Optimal economic balance ◇ 330.36-026.37 Degree of movability, changes of equilibrium ◇ 330.36-026.372 Movable, changeable equilibrium ◇ 330.36-026.374 Immovable, unchangeable equilibrium ⇨ 33.01/.06 Special auxiliary subdivision for economics and economic science ⇨ 33.053 Settlement. Balance. Equilibrium ⇨ 338.1 Economic situation. Trade cycle. Development of economic structure. Growth |
| 330.362 | Macroeconomic equilibrium. Factors determining equilibrium in general |
| 330.364 | Microeconomic equilibrium. Partial equilibrium |
| 330.366 | Balanced economic growth. Stable economic growth |
330.368 | Economic growth without equilibrium. Unbalanced, disproportionate growth. Distorted economy |
330.4 | Mathematical economics ⇨ 303 Methods of the social sciences ⇨ 519.2 Probability. Mathematical statistics ⇨ 519.86 Theory of economic-mathematical models |
330.42 | Mathematical economic theory |
| 330.43 | Econometrics |
| 330.44 | Input-output analysis in economics. Input-output models ⇨ 303.725.34 Application of input-output analysis |
| 330.45 | Operations research in economics Application Note: Details on methodological aspects by colon combination with the subdivision of 519.8 and on applications with the subdivision of 33 ◇ 330.45:519.852:338.55 Linear programming to determine imputed prices ⇨ 519.8 Operational research (OR): mathematical theories and methods |
| 330.46 | System theory, control theory, and cybernetics in economics. Economic cybernetics ⇨ 519.71 Control systems theory: mathematical aspects |
| 330.47 | Economic informatics ⇨ 519.72 Information theory: mathematical aspects |
| 330.5 | National property. National assets. Social product. Balance of the economy. Estimation of national product ◇ 330.5.051 Calculation of the economy ◇ 330.5.055-021.387 Stagnation of the economy ◇ 330.5.055-026.23 Increase, overproduction ◇ 330.5.055-026.24 Decrease, underproduction |
| 330.52 | National wealth. National property. National assets |
| 330.522 | Real, actual national wealth. Actual assets of nation |
| 330.522.2 | Basic funds and means |
330.522.4 | Stocks, reserves. Material in hand |
| 330.522.6 | Property of the population. Personal property |
| 330.522.7 | Supply of the population with consumer goods |
330.524 | Potential national wealth. Potential assets of nation ◇ 330.524:553 Mineral resources. Mineral wealth |
| 330.526 | Division, distribution of national wealth. Distribution of national assets |
330.526.2 | Distribution according to economic sector ◇ 330.526.2:63 Agricultural wealth |
330.526.3 | Distribution according to economic units |
| 330.526.32 | Private households |
330.526.33 | Business enterprises |
330.526.39 | Other bodies Churches. Charities |
330.526.5 | Redistribution of wealth. Principles of policy towards property ⇨ 338.23 Special economic policy |
330.53 | Balance of the economy. Social accounting. National accounting |
330.532 | Balance of the economy |
330.534 | Social accounting. National accounts |
| 330.534.4 | National budget ◇ 330.534.4(410) National budget of the United Kingdom |
330.54 | Social product (global product) |
| 330.542 | Generation of the social product according to economic sectors ◇ 330.542:338.43 Agriculture ◇ 330.542:338.45 Industry |
330.544 | Application of social product |
330.544.2 | Consumption of the product |
330.546 | Constituents of the social product ◇ 330.546:330.123.4 Goods for consumption ◇ 330.546:330.123.7 Means of production |
330.55 | Gross national product. Gross domestic product |
| 330.552 | Generation of the gross national product and gross domestic product according to economic sectors ◇ 330.552:338.43 Agriculture ◇ 330.552:338.45 Industry ◇ 330.552:338.46 Services ◇ 330.552:338.47 Transport ◇ 330.552:339.1 Trade |
| 330.554 | Generation of the gross national product according to economic units 330.554 ≅ 330.526.3 |
330.556 | Utilization of the gross national product ◇ 330.556:330.322 Investment ◇ 330.556:330.567.4 Government spending. Public spending |
330.56 | National income. Net national product |
330.562 | Formation of the national income, of the total public income according to economic sectors ◇ 330.562:338.43 Agriculture ◇ 330.562:338.45 Industry |
330.563 | Generation of the national income according to economic units 330.563 ≅ 330.526.3
|
330.564 | Division, distribution of national income |
| 330.564.2 | Total income of populace |
330.564.22 | Private income from wealth, from enterprise |
| 34 | Law Jurisprudence |
| 34(03) | Law Dictionaries and Encyclopedias |
| 34(031) | Law– Encyclopaedias |
| 34(038) | Law–Dictionaries |
| 34(077) | Law–Handbooks, manuals, etc. |
| 34(075) | Law–Textbooks |
| 34(09) | Law—History |
| 34(3/9) | Legislative systems of particular countries |
| 34(47.925) | Law—Armenia(Republic) Armenia(Republic)—Law and legislation |
| 34(47.925)(09) | Law—History—Armenia(Republic) Armenia(Republic)—Law and legislation—History |
| 34(47) | Law – Soviet Union |
| 34(47)(09) | Law–History–Russia Law– History– Soviet Union |
| 340 | Law Common law (Law in general. Legal methods and auxiliary sciences) |
| 340.1 | Types and forms of law |
| 340.12 | Law schools |
| 340.14 | Unwritten law. Non-statute law. Ius non scriptum. Other sources of law |
| 340.15 | Historical types and systems of law |
| 340.153 | Feudal law |
| 340.158 | Socialist law |
| 340.5 | Comparative law |
| 340.6 | Medical jurisprudence Forensic Medicine |
| 340.63 | Forensic psychiatry |
| Trials Judicial process Judicial speeches |
| 341 | International law |
| 341(03) | International law — Dictionaries. |
| 341(075) | International law – Textbooks |
| 341.1 | Law of international organizations International agencies — Law and legislation International organizations – Law and legislation |
| 341.12 | League of Nations |
| 341.123 | United Nations Organization (UN/UNO) |
| 341․16։001 | United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) |
| 341.18 | International law – Congresses Law, international – Congresses |
| 341.2 | Persons and things in international law |
| 341.21 |
| 341.211/.214 | States. Sovereign states. Semi-sovereign states. United States. Federal states. Confederation. Neutral States |
| 341.215.4 | Civil law–International unification Civil procedure (International law) Civil defense (International law) |
| 341.221 | Recognition of states Territorial waters |
| 341.222 | Boundaries Borderlands |
| 341.225 | High seas Law of the sea Maritime law |
| 341.226 – 347.82 | Law of the air Airspace (Law) Aeronautics – Law and legislation |
| 341.231.14 | Human rights |
| 341.24 | Treaties International treaties and agreements |
| 341.3 | Military law. |
| 341.31 | War (International law) War, Declaration of |
| 341.323 | Blockade |
| 341.326 ➙ 355.40 | Espionage Espionage–Law and legislation Espionage—Prevention Secret service Intelligence service Military intelligence |
| 341.326(73) | Espionage, American |
| 341.33 | Humanitarian law. Red Cross Geneva Conventions (1949 August 12) War–Relief of sick and wounded War–Relief of sick and wounded–Planning War–Relief of sick and wounded–Moral and ethical aspects |
| 341.4 | International criminal law |
| 341.43 | Political refugees Political refugees–Legal status, laws, etc. Political refugees–Government policy |
| 341.46 | War crime trials Nuremberg War Crime Trials, Nuremberg, Germany, 1946-1949 |
| 341.6 | International arbitration. International adjudication, jurisdiction International law |
| 341.7 | Diplomatic relations–Law and legislation |
| 341.71 | Ambassadors |
| 341.8 | Consular law |
| 341.9 | International private law. Conflict of laws |
| 342 | Public law. Constitutional law Administrative law |
| 342.1 | State. People. Nation. Power of the state |
| 342.2 | State. Structure of states |
| 342.228 | State symbols |
| 342.3 | Supreme authority. Sovereignty. Forms of state. Forms of government |
| 342.31 | Sovereignty |
| 342.34 | Democracy |
| 342.37 | Constitutional monarchy |
| 342.38 | Republic |
| 342.4 | Constitutions. Legislative assemblies. National assemblies |
| 342.5 | Power of the state. System and function of organs of government |
| 342.511 | Presidents |
| 342.518 | Prime ministers |
| 342.53 | Parliaments. |
| 342.55 | Local government |
| 342․56 | Judicial power Judiciary and Judicial Procedure |
| 342.7 | Fundamental rights. Human rights. Civil rights. Rights and duties of the citizen |
| 342.71 | Citizenship. Civil rights. |
| 342.72/.73 | Constitutional freedoms. Freedom of conscience |
| 342.727 | Freedom of speech |
| 342.729 | Civil rights demonstrations |
| 342.731 | Freedom of religion |
| 342.8 | Suffrage Electoral law. |
| 342.82 | Electoral systems |
| 342.843 | Voting |
| 342.9 | Administrative law |
| 343 | Criminal law. Penal offences |
| 343(075) | Criminal law—Textbooks |
| 343(077) | Criminal law– Handbooks |
| 343(47.925) | Criminal law — Armenia (Republic) |
| 343.1 | Trials (Crimes and offenses) Criminal procedudre Criminal justice |
| 343.1(47.925) | Criminal procedure–Armenia (Republic) |
| 343.2 | Criminal law |
| 343.22 | Criminals |
| 343.23 | Crime |
| 343.24 | Punishmen Punishment (Psychology) — 159.9 |
| 343.25 | Capital punishment Capital punishment–Law and legislation |
| 343.264 | Exile (Punishment) |
| 343.3/7 | Particular offences. Specific punishable acts |
| 343.3 | Political crimes and offenses |
| 343.31 | Counterrevolutions |
| 343.32 | Espionage. Terrorism Treason–Law and legislation |
| 343.337 | War crimes War and crime Genocide |
| 343.337(09) | Genocide–History. Genocide–Research. |
| 343.34 | Public order offences. |
| 343.352 | Corruption |
| 343.353 | Abuse of administrative power |
| 343.359 | Smuggling Smuggling–Law and legislation Smuggling—Prevention |
| 343.4 | Offences against fundamental liberties, human rights Including Offences against individual liberty Duress (Law) Threat Harassment Stalking Violent crimes |
| 343.43 | Human trafficking Sexual harassment |
| 343.5 | Offences against public credit, morality, the family Family violence Family violence–Law and legislation |
| 343.51 | Securities fraud |
| 343.531 | Counterfeits and counterfeiting Fraud |
| 343.55 | Adultery Adultery–Law and legislation |
| 343.593 | Drug abuse and crime Alcoholism and crime |
| 343.593 | Hooliganism |
| 343.6 | Offences against the person |
| 343.61 | Homicide Murder |
| 343.62 | Infanticide Abortion Kidnapping |
| 343.63 | Libel and slander |
| 343.7 | Offenses against property |
| 343.77 | Offenses against the environment |
| 343.72 | Fraud |
| 343.8 | Punishment. Execution of sentence. Crime prevention. Deterrence |
| 343.812 | Prisons |
| 343.818 | Military prisons–Law and legislation |
| 348.88 | Juvenile delinquency Juvenile delinquency–Law and legislation |
| 343․9 | Criminology |
| 343.91 | Criminals |
| 343.97 | Criminology–Social aspects |
| 343.976 | Drug abuse and crime Alcoholism and crime |
| 343.98 | Criminology—Research Criminology—Research—Methodology Criminology–Study and teaching |
| 343.988 | Victims of crimes Victims of crimes–Legal status, laws, etc. Victims of family violence War victims Traffic accident victims Disaster victims Suicide victims Rape victims |
| 344 | Special criminal law. Military, naval, air force laws |
| 344.13 | Military offenses |
| 344.2 | Military offenses |
| 344.3 | Trials (Military offenses) Military courts |
| 344.4 | Naval offenses–Law and legislation Naval law |
| 344.7 | Air Force law |
| 346 | Economic law Law of government control of the economy |
| 347 | Civil law Trials, litigation, etc. |
| 347(075/077) | Civil law – Textbooks, Handbooks |
| 347(47.925) | Civil law – Armenia (Republic) |
| 347.15/.18 | Civil status. Birth certificates. Identity cards. Registry offices. Civil register |
| 347.2/3 | Property |
| 347.214.2 | Real property |
| 347.23 | Right of property |
| 347.243 | Land tenure–Law and legislation —349.4 |
| 347.243.9 | Forests and forestry — Law and legislation Forests and forestry–Multiple use–Law and legislation Forests and forestry–Taxation–Law and legislation Environmental law |
| 347.246 | Hunting – Law and legislation |
| 347.247 | Water–Law and legislation |
| 347.249 | Mines and mineral resources – Law and legislation |
| 347.254 | Housing–Law and legislation – 349.444 |
| 347.4 | Commitments. Contractual liabilities. |
| 347.453 | Lease and rental services–Law and legislation |
| 347.6 | Domestic relations |
| 347.61/64 | Domestic relations a Domestic relations |x Law and legislation Family law |
| 347.62 | Marriage law |
| 347.627 | Divorce–Law and legislation |
| 347.63 | Paternity. Motherhood. Children. Illegitimate children |
| 347.634/637 | Alimony Conflict of laws—Alimony |
| 347.65/68 | Inheritance and succession Conflict of laws–Inheritance and successio |
| 347.7 | Commercial law Conflict of laws–Commercial law |
| 347.72 | Commercial associations–Law and legislation |
| 347.73 | Finance–Law and legislation |
| 347.731 | Stock exchanges Stock exchanges–Law and legislation |
| 347.732 | Brokers Brokers–Legal status, laws, etc |
| 347.734 | Banking Banking law |
| 347.752 | Foreign exchange Foreign exchange rates |
| 347.77 | Industrial property – Law and legislation Patent laws and legislation Patent and trade-mark law |
| 347.78 | Artistic and literary property Copyright |
| 347.79 341.225 | Maritime law –341.225 Rivers–Law and legislation Wild and scenic rivers–Law and legislation |
| 347.796 | Shipwrecks–Law and legislation |
| 347.82 | Airspace (Law) Aeronautics – Law and legislation |
| 347.83 | Broadcasting–Law and legislation Copyright–Broadcasting rights Copyright infringement Copyright licenses |
| 347.9 | Procedure (Law) Civil procedure |
| 347.918 | Permanent Court of Arbitration |
| 347.93 | Judicial process |
| 347.94 | Expertise |
| 347.95 | Sentences (Criminal procedure) Sentencing Appellate procedure |
| 347.96 | Lawyers Judges Ombudsman |
| 347.961 | Notaries |
| 347․962 | Judges |
| 347.963 | Lay prosecutors Special prosecutors Public prosecutors Private prosecutors |
| 347.965 | Judicial protection |
| 347.97/.99 | Judiciary and Judicial Procedure |
| 347.99 | Courts Sentencing |
| 347.991 | Supreme Court |
| Supreme Court of Armenia |
| 347.995 | Circuit courts District courts |
| 347.996 |
| 348 | Canon law Religious law |
| 349.2 | Labor laws and legislation |
| 349.2(47.925) | Labor laws and legislation – Armenia (Republic) |
| 349.3 | Social security–Law and legislation |
| 349.4 | Land tenure–Law and legislation Land use–Law and legislation Land subdivision–Law and legislation Land reform–Law and legislation |
| 35 | Public administration. Government. Military affairs |
| 351/354 | Public administration. Government. |
| 35.07 | Administrative institutions Administrative management School of Management |
| 35․071․5 | Administrative division |
| 35.08 | Civil service Government employees Government service Public officers Public service employment |
| 351 | Public administration |
| 351.71 | Particular activities of public administration. |
| 351.74/.76 | Police |
| 351.746 ➙ 355.40 341.326327.84 | National security Military intelligence Intelligence service Espionage Secret service |
| 351.749 | Traffic police |
| 351,751 |
| 351.751.5 տես նաև՝ 070.13 | Censorship |
| 351.755.2 | Public records office |
| 351.755.25 | Birth. Adoption. Marriage. Divorce. Death |
| 351.755.3 | Passport offices. Registration Passports–Data processing |
| 351.756 | Visas |
| 351.76 | Police social work Police–Supervision of |
| 351.761 | Drug abuse and crime Alcoholism and crime Alcoholism—Prevention Drug abuse—Prevention |
| 351.764 | Prostitution Prostitution–Prevention |
| 351.9 | State supervision |
| 352/354 | Levels of administration. Local, regional, central administration |
| 352 | Local government Local government—Administration Municipal administration Local authorities |
| 353 | Regional administration |
| 354 | Central administration |
| 389 | Metrology |
| 389.1 | Weights and measures Metric system |
| 389.6 (см. также 658.516) | Standardization Normalization |