| 001 | Science |
| 001(479.25) | Science — Armenia |
| 001.18 | Science–Forecasting |
| 001.8 | Science–Methodology |
| 001.89 | Science–Research |
| 001.894 | Inventions Inventions–Patents |
| 001.895 | Innovations |
| 001.94 | Natural phenomena |
| 002 | Printing Books Typography |
| 002(479.25) | Printing, Armenian |
| 002.2 | Books |
| 002(479.25)(09) | Books–Armenia–History Printing, Armenian–History. |
| 002.6 |
| 003 | Writing Alphabet |
| 003(479.25) | Writing, Armenian |
| 004 | Computer science. Data processing |
| 005 | Programming (Computers) Programming languages (Computers) |
| 006 | Standardization |
| 007 | Cybernetics Information Theory. |
| 008 | Civilization Culture Cultural property |
| 008(479.25) | Civilization–Armenia Culture –Armenia |
| 01 | Bibliography Catalogs Bibliographical citations |
| 01(075) | Bibliography–Handbooks, manuals, etc. |
| 01(09) | Bibliography–History |
| 01(479.25) | Amenian literature– Bibliography |
| 011 | Universal bibliography. Bibliography, International |
| 012 | Personal bibliography |
| 013 | Collective bibliographies |
| 014 | Periodicals–Bibliography |
| 015 |
| 016:0/9 | Special subject bibliography |
| 016:001 | Science– Bibliography |
| 016:002 | Printing–Bibliography. |
| 016:01 | Bibliographical literature–Bibliography. Bibliography of bibliographies. |
| 016:02 | Library science–Bibliography |
| 016:05/07 | Periodicals–Bibliography |
| 016:087.5 | Children’s literature–Bibliography |
| 016:091 | Codicology–Bibliography Manuscripts–Bibliography |
| 016:1 | Philosophy — Bibliography |
| 016:2 | Religious literature–Bibliography |
| 016:3К | Communism– Bibliography Marxism–Bibliography Leninism–Bibliography |
| 016:3 | Politics– Bibliography |
| 016:338 | Economics — Bibliography |
| 016:34 | Law — Bibliography |
| 016:34(05) | Law reviews — Bibliography |
| 016:355 | Military art and science — Bibliography |
| 016:37 | Education — Bibliography |
| 016:4 | Philology — Bibliography |
| 016:5 | Natural history — Bibliography |
| 016:51 | Mathematics — Bibliography |
| 016:52 | Astronomy — Bibliography |
| 016:53 | Physics — Bibliography |
| 016:54 | Chemistry — Bibliography |
| 016:55 | Geology — Bibliography |
| 016:6/62 | Engineering — Bibliography |
| 016:61 | Medicine — Bibliography |
| 016:63 | Agriculture — Bibliography |
| 016:7 | Art — Bibliography |
| 016:796 | Sport — Bibliography |
| 016:8 | Literature — Bibliography |
| 016:821.161.1 | Russian literature — Bibliography |
| 016:821.19 | Armenian literature — Bibliography |
| 016:94 | History — Bibliography |
| 016:902.5 | Archives — Bibliography |
| 016:902.6 | Archaeology — Bibliography |
| 016:902.7 | Ethnology — Bibliography |
| 016:91 | Geography — Bibliography |
| 016:929 | Biobibliographies |
| 017 | Library catalogs |
| 017.1 | Public libraries–Catalogs |
| 017.3 | Booksellers’ catalogs. |
| 017.4 | Publishers’ catalogs. |
| 017.4(479.25) | Booksellers’ catalogs — Armenia |
| 017.43 | Antiquarian booksellers — Catalogs |
| 018 |
| 02 | Library science |
| 02(03) | Library science — Dictionaries |
| 02(075/077) | Library science — Handbooks, manuals, etc. |
| 02(09) | Library science — History |
| 021 | Libraries |
| 021(470+571) | Library science — Russia |
| 021(479.25) | Library science — Armenia |
| 022 | Library buildings Library architecture |
| 023 | Library administration Library personnel management |
| 023.5 | Library employees |
| 024 | Public services (Libraries) Reference services (Libraries) |
| 024.6 | Interlibrary loans |
| 025 | Libraries– Departments |
| 025.2 | Acquisitions (Libraries) |
| 025.3 | Library catalog management |
| 025.342 | Library catalogs and users . Author catalogs |
| 025.343.2 | Subject catalogs. |
| 025.4 | Library and bibliographic classification (LBC) |
| 025.45 | Classification, Universal decimal |
| 025.6 | Libraries, Subscription |
| 025.7/9 | Libraries, Depository Collection development (Libraries) |
| 026 | Special libraries |
| 027 | General libraries |
| 027.021 | Research libraries |
| 027.1 | Private libraries |
| 027.2 | Academic libraries |
| 027.5 | State libraries |
| 027.5(479.25) | National Library of Armenia |
| 027.52 | Public libraries |
| 027.53 | Regional libraries District libraries |
| 027.625 | Children’s libraries |
| 027.7 | Academic libraries |
| 027.8 | School libraries |
| 028 | Reading Readers’ advisory services |
| 028.5 | Children–Books and reading Youth–Books and reading |
| 03 | Encyclopedias and dictionaries |
| 03/08 | Encyclopedias and dictionaries. Directories |
| 05/07 | Newspapers The Press Journalism |
| 05 | Periodicals Journalism |
| 058 | Periodicals — Armenia — History |
| 058(479.25) | Armenia– Yearbooks–Directories, address books |
| 059 | Almanacs Calendars |
| 06 | Associations, institutions, etc. |
| 061 | Associations, institutions, etc. |
| 061.068 | Titles of honor and nobility Award winners |
| 061.12(479.25) | National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia (NAS RA) |
| 061.2 | Non-governmental organizations |
| 061.213 | Youth organizations |
| 061.213 | Scouts and scouting Boy Scouts Scouts (Youth organization members) |
| 061.213 | Secret societies |
| 061.236.61 | Masonic Society (Org.) |
| 061.3 | Congresses and conventions Symposiums |
| 061.4 | Exhibitions Expositions |
| 061.6 | Scientific institutions |
| 069 | Museums |
| 069.4 | Museum exhibits–Conservation and restoration |
| 069.53 | Museum exhibits–Technological innovations |
| 070 | Mass media. |
| 070(470+571) | Mass media — Russia |
| 070(479.25) | Mass media — Armenia |
| 070.13 տես նաև՝ 351.751.5 | Press–Censorship Freedom of the press |
| 070.4 |
| 070.42 | Journalists |
| 08 |
| 082 |
| 087.1:0/9 | Popular literature |
| 087.5 | Children’s literature. |
| 09 | Manuscripts Rare books |
| 090.1 |
| 091 | Manuscripts |
| 091(479.25) | Manuscripts — Armenia Mesrop Mashtots Institute of Ancient Manuscripts |
| 093 | Incunabula Early printed books–15th century |
| 094 | Rare books |
| 097 |
| 00 | Prolegomena. Fundamentals of knowledge and culture. Propaedeutics ⇨ 008 Civilization. Culture. Progress ⇨ 130.2 Philosophy of culture. Cultural systems. Theory of cultural complexes ⇨ 165 Theory of knowledge. Epistemology |
| 001 | Science and knowledge in general. Organization of intellectual work ◇ 001:061.1(100) International governmental scientific organizations, e.g. UNESCO |
| 001.1 | Concepts of science and knowledge ⇨ 165 Theory of knowledge. Epistemology |
| 001.101 | Knowledge |
| 001.102 | Information |
| 001.103 | Data ⇨ 004.22 Data representation |
| 001.103.2 | Metadata |
| 001.11 | Definition of concepts. Nature, purpose, essence of knowledge |
| 001.12 | Character of the objects examined by knowledge Realities. Phenomena. Facts. Circumstances |
| 001.123 | Origin and causes of phenomena |
| 001.124 | Properties and effects of phenomena |
| 001.124.2 | Useful, desirable effects |
| 001.124.4 | Non-useful, undesirable effects |
| 001.126 | Application and utilization of phenomena |
| 001.18 | Future of knowledge Prediction. Forecasting. Futurology |
| 001.19 | Knowledge and the unknowable. Limits of knowledge |
| 001.2 | Relations between individual disciplines ⇨ 001.82 Study of organization ⇨ 025.4 Classification and indexing ⇨ 168.2 Division. Analysis. Classification |
| 001.3 | Significance of science and knowledge in general Value, utilization, status, defence and appreciation |
| 001.31 | Advancement, promotion of science and knowledge in general |
| 001.32 | Learned, scientific societies. Academies ◇ 001.32(410) Learned societies in the UK (e.g. The Royal Society) ◇ 001.32(450) Learned societies in Italy (e.g. Accademia dei Lincei) ⇨ 061.2 Nongovernmental organizations and cooperation |
| 001.35 | Criticisms of science. Objections to science |
| 001.4 | Specialist terminology. Scientific nomenclature ⇨ (083.72) Nomenclatures ⇨ 003.62 Signs and symbols other than scripts |
| 001.5 | Scientific theories. Hypotheses, systems Tracing of relationships between scientific facts ⇨ 162 Process of illation. Reasoning. Inference. Conclusion |
| 001.51 | Processes in the formation of hypotheses, systems |
| 001.53 | Comparative presentation ⇨ (083.77) Comparative presentation |
| 001.6 | Scientific laws Ideal cases. Exceptions ⇨ 113 General laws of nature |
| 001.8 | Methodology General study of method. Technical and scientific procedures in study, research, discussion. Analysis and synthesis |
| 001.81 | Technique of intellectual work |
| 001.811 | General issues regarding techniques of intellectual work Rules for citations, quotations, bibliographic references. Format of stationery |
| 001.812 | Working materials ⇨ 003.5 Writing materials and equipment ⇨ 005.936 Physical assets. Property. Facilities ⇨ 686.8 Office equipment. Stationery. Writing, drawing and artists’ accessories |
| 001.813 | Cuttings ⇨ (04) Non-serial separates. Separata ⇨ 025.17 Treatment of special materials |
| 001.814 | Assembling of references. Research Contents lists. Extracts. Summaries. Preliminary drafts, rough copy for literary work ⇨ 019.9 Bibliographies and catalogues according to their own characteristics as publications ⇨ 025.32 Principles of cataloguing. Entries |
| 001.815 | Production of indexes Author indexes. Subject indexes ⇨ 014.5 Concordances ⇨ 019.96 According to arrangement of entries ⇨ 025.347 Alphabetic indexes |
| 001.816 | Work concerned with printing and publication Author’s directions to compositor or printer. Manuscripts. Proofs ⇨ 655.253 Creation of information medium for typesetting. Physical production of copy (e.g. handwritten, typed, by information storage devices) ⇨ 655.52 Relations between publisher and author. Size of edition or print run. Royalties. Revised editions. Free copies, etc. ⇨ 808.2 Editing. Adapting and arranging copy for publication |
| 001.817 | Lecture work Compilation and arrangement of lectures, dissertations ⇨ 069.1 Aims. Purpose. Utility ⇨ 808.5 Rhetoric of speech. Art or technique of oral expression ⇨ 82-5 Oratory. Speeches |
| 001.818 | Evaluation, writing up of results Presentation of information. Technique of report writing ⇨ (047) Reports. Notices. Bulletins ⇨ (062.551) Reports on activities. Bulletins |
| 001.82 | Study of organization Methodology. Analysis. Synthesis. Classification. Systematization ⇨ 025.4 Classification and indexing ⇨ 168.2 Division. Analysis. Classification |
| 001.83 | Intellectual cooperation. Exchange of ideas |
| 001.85 | Scientific criticism |
| 001.86 | Concordances ⇨ 014.5 Concordances ⇨ 27-272 Biblical concordances |
| 001.87 | Case studies (as a subject), their compilation and use |
| 001.89 | Organization of science and scientific work ⇨ 001.82 Study of organization ⇨ 007 Systems science and systems theory. Information and communication theory. Control theory (cybernetics) ⇨ 351.854 Supervision of science, arts, literature |
| 001.891 | Scientific research Research methods ⇨ 069.8 Research in museums ⇨ 303.4 Kinds of investigation. Research strategies. Investigation design |
| 001.891.3 | Theoretical research |
| 001.891.5 | Practical, active research Experiments. Tests |
| 001.891.53 | Laboratory tests |
| 001.891.54 | Testing on models. Model tests |
| 001.891.55 | Field tests. Workfloor, in situ tests |
| 001.891.58 | Testing after modification, conversion, improvement |
| 001.891.7 | Observational research Field work. Observation in the field |
| 001.892 | Development |
| 001.893 | Control. Supervision |
| 001.894 | Inventions and discoveries Techniques of inventing. Work in preparation of patenting and realization of inventions Application Note: Details by colon combination and/or common auxiliaries of form (Table 1d) ◇ 001.894:621.11 Invention of the steam engine ◇ 001.894:621.636(088.8) Invention of cross-flow fans – patents ◇ 001.894:778.5 Invention of cinematography ⇨ (088.8) Patents and similar documents ⇨ 347.77 Industrial, commercial, scientific property and ownership. Patent and trade-mark law. Registration of designs, plans, business names, etc. |
| 001.894.2 | Useful and profitable, applied inventions and discoveries |
| 001.894.4 | Failed, unsuccessful inventions and discoveries |
| 001.894.6 | Suppressed, withheld inventions and discoveries |
| 001.894.8 | Forgotten inventions and discoveries |
| 001.895 | Innovations |
| 001.9 | Dissemination of ideas |
| 001.91 | Generalization. Extension of applicability |
| 001.92 | Dissemination of factual knowledge Popularization of science ⇨ 001.31 Advancement, promotion of science and knowledge in general |
| 001.94 | Reported phenomena not yet fully explained ◇ 001.94:633 Unexplained phenomena affecting field crops. Including: Crop circles ◇ 001.94(410.518NES) Loch Ness Monster ◇ 001.94UFO Unidentified flying objects (UFOs). ‘Flying saucers’ ⇨ 133 The paranormal. The occult. Psi phenomena |
| 001.95 | Deliberate scientific deceptions and hoaxes ◇ 001.95:599.89(410.126PIL) Eoanthropus Dawsonii (Piltdown Man) ⇨ (089.5) Frauds. Deceptions. Literary, artistic, scientific hoaxes |
| 001.97 | Pseudo-scientific prophecies, fancies ‘Death ray’ ⇨ 133 The paranormal. The occult. Psi phenomena ⇨ 159.961 Parapsychology. Psychic phenomena and research ⇨ 398.4 The supernatural ⇨ 82-311.9 Scientific novels. Science fiction |
| 001.98 | Falsification of science False doctrines, fallacies (due to insufficient knowledge, bigotry, excessive zeal, etc.) |
| 001.99 | Obstruction of and obstacles to the spread of ideas Non-dissemination. Secrecy ⇨ 098.1 Prohibited books ⇨ 343.534 Industrial espionage. Betrayal of scientific, industrial, trade secrets ⇨ 347.775 Trade secrets. Secret processes |
| 002 | Documentation. Books. Writings. Authorship ⇨ 003 Writing systems and scripts ⇨ 005.92 Records management ⇨ 01 Bibliography and bibliographies. Catalogues ⇨ 02 Librarianship ⇨ 37.091 Organization of educational establishments ⇨ 659.2 Information work. Advisory and consultancy services |
| 002.1 | Documents (embodiments of information), as subject Scope Note: Documents are here understood in the widest sense as embodiments of information i.e. any source of information, in material form, capable of being used for reference or study or as an authority. These can include book and non-book material, printed or digital as well |
| 002.2 | Total literary output Of persons, on subjects, of countries ◇ 002.2(494)(083.41) Statistics of literary output in Switzerland |
| 002.6 | Documentation centres 002.6.01/.05 ≅ 06.01/.05 ◇ 002.6:061 Documentation centres in organizations and institutions ◇ 002.6(1-4) National documentation centres ◇ 002.6(100) International documentation centres ⇨ 005.572 Consultation. Advice ⇨ 026 Special libraries ⇨ 366.61 Consumer counselling |
| 003 | Writing systems and scripts Signs and symbols. Codes. Graphic representation ⇨ 091 Manuscripts ⇨ 159.946.4 Graphic expression. Reading ⇨ 519.76 Semiotics. Mathematical theory of systems of symbols. Mathematical linguistics ⇨ 744.9 Ornamental, heraldic and display lettering. Signwriting (e.g. for posters, shop signs) ⇨ 81`22 General theory of signs in relation to linguistics. Semiology. Semiotics |
| 003.01/.09 | Special auxiliary subdivision for writing systems and scripts |
| 003.01 | Origins, precursors of scripts. Early forms of scripts |
| 003.02 | Emergence of writing |
| 003.03 | Graphic expression of language |
| 003.031 | Order of letters or characters. Enumeration of signs and symbols |
| 003.032 | Names of letters. Acrophony |
003.033 | Conversion of script by decree, for native speakers of the language ◇ 811.512.161:003.344.033 Romanization of Turkish (by decree) in 1928 |
| 003.034 | Transliteration Scope Note: Representation of graphemes of source script by graphemes of target script ◇ 003.332.4.034:003.344 Transliteration of Hebrew script into Roman script |
| 003.035 | Transcription Scope Note: Representation of sounds of source language by graphemes of target language and script ◇ 003.324.1.035:003.349.3 Transcription of Chinese into Russian Cyrillic |
| 003.038 | Adaptation of a script to different languages and dialects By adding special letters, diacritical marks |
| 003.05 | Means of producing signs and scripts ⇨ 003.5 Writing materials and equipment |
| 003.052 | Handwriting using hand and fingers only |
| 003.053 | Handwriting with devices |
| 003.055 | Printing means Application Note: Details by colon combination with the subdivision of 681.615, 681.616 and 681.62 ⇨ 681.615 Machines and equipment for production of type. Printing type ⇨ 681.616 Composing or typesetting machines and equipment ⇨ 681.62 Graphic reproduction machines. Printing machines. Auxiliary machinery for printing |
| 003.056 | Keyboarding. Typewriting Application Note: Details by colon combination with the subdivision of 004.3 and 681.612/.613 ⇨ 004.35 Peripherals. Input-output units ⇨ 681.612 Typewriters in general ⇨ 681.613 Specialized typewriters, according to purpose |
| 003.057 | Stamping, etc Application Note: Details by colon combination with the subdivision of 681.626 ⇨ 681.626 Stamping, numbering, date-marking devices |
| 003.07 | Uses and styles of writing |
| 003.071 | Epigraphy Epigraphic writing. Inscriptions. Monumental script. Lapidary style ⇨ 930.2 Methodology of history. Ancillary historical sciences |
| 003.072 | Palaeography Palaeographic writing ⇨ 930.2 Methodology of history. Ancillary historical sciences |
| 003.074 | Diplomatic writing Writing of records, charters and acts. Official scripts ⇨ 930.2 Methodology of history. Ancillary historical sciences |
| 003.075 | Book script. Script for publication ⇨ 655 Graphic industries. Printing. Publishing. Book trade |
| 003.076 | Handwriting. Cursive writing ⇨ 159.925.6 Graphology |
| 003.077 | Calligraphy Decorative, ornamental script ⇨ 091.01 Script. Writing of manuscripts |
| 003.079 | Unofficial inscription or application of writing or images |
| 003.08 | Characteristics of writing ⇨ 655.24 Type styles. Characters |
| 003.081 | Formation. Basic signs. Characters, letters Capital letters (majuscules). Small letters (minuscules). Alphabets. Combinations, digraphs, ligatures |
| 003.082 | Diacritics. Accents Diaeresis. Umlaut. Tilde. Grave |
| 003.083 | Abbreviations Logograms. Sigla. Acronyms ⇨ 003.6 Other kinds of graphic representation of thought |
| 003.084 | Word formation Syllable separation ⇨ 81`352 Vowel and diphthong representation |
003.085 | Sentence or clause formation. Word separation ⇨ 81`367.5 Construction and phrasing of sentences and clauses |
| 003.086 | Punctuation |
| 003.087 | Direction of script Horizontal, vertical script, etc. Left to right. Right to left. Boustrophedon |
| 003.088 | External characteristics of writing Angle or slope of writing. Weight of writing |
| 003.09 | Techniques and methods of deciphering scripts |
| 003.2 | Writing systems. Graphic representations of concepts |
| 003.21/.23 | Conventional writing systems used for general purposes of literate language communities. Orthographies ⇨ 81`35 Graphemics. Orthography. Spelling |
| 003.21 | Picture writing ⇨ 003.314 Pictographic writings ⇨ 003.32 Ideographic and logographic scripts ⇨ 003.62 Signs and symbols other than scripts |
| 003.212 | Pictographic writing systems Hieroglyphs ⇨ 003.314 Pictographic writings ⇨ 003.322 Ancient Egyptian scripts |
| 003.214 | Logographic writing systems ⇨ 003.32 Ideographic and logographic scripts |
| 003.216 | Logographic-syllabic writing systems |
| 003.22/.23 | Phonological writing systems |
| 003.22 | Syllabic writing systems Syllabaries. Rebus writing. Phonograms. Text messaging (orthographic aspects) ⇨ 398.6 Riddles. Conundrums. Rebuses. Traditional jokes. Mottoes, devices, popular heraldry |
| 003.23 | Alphabetic writing systems |
| 003.24 | Writing systems for the blind Braille |
| 003.26 | Secret writing systems. Cryptographies ⇨ (083.73) Codes. Cryptographies. Keys ⇨ 004.056.55 Encryption |
| 003.27 | Stenographies. Shorthand writing systems |
| 003.28 | Paedographies, systems devised to help children learn to read Writing systems for teaching purposes. Phonetic scripts |
| 003.29 | Codes. Technographies. Nonconventional writing systems ⇨ 003.26 Secret writing systems. Cryptographies ⇨ 004.43 Computer languages ⇨ 621.394.14 Telegraph codes ⇨ 654.028 Communications according to form (language, code, secrecy) ⇨ 654.9 Signalling. Various telecommunication services. Remote control (telecontrol) ⇨ 811.93 Artificial languages used to instruct machines. Programming languages. Computer languages |
| 003.292 | Codes designed mainly to be humanly readable |
| 003.292.2 | Alphabetic codes. Letter codes |
| 003.292.3 | Numerical codes |
| 003.292.4 | Alphanumeric codes |
| 003.292.6 | Flag and positional codes Semaphore ⇨ 627.725.2 Semaphores |
| 003.295 | Codes designed mainly to be machine-readable |
| 003.295.1 | Morse code Application Note: Details by colon combination with the subdivision of 654.9 ⇨ 654.9 Signalling. Various telecommunication services. Remote control (telecontrol) |
| 003.295.4 | Mechanically readable codes |
| 003.295.6 | Electromagnetically readable codes |
| 003.295.8 | Optically readable codes Bar codes |
003.3 | Scripts |
| 003.31 | Forerunners of scripts |
| 003.312 | Man-made marks Notched sticks. Knotted cords. Quipus. Prongs. Wampum belts |
| 003.314 | Pictographic writings Petroglyphs ⇨ 003.21 Picture writing |
| 003.315 | Prehistoric writings. Embryo-writing. Protolinear writing |
| 003.32 | Ideographic and logographic scripts ⇨ 003.214 Logographic writing systems |
| 003.321 | Scripts of ancient American cultures |
| 003.322 | Ancient Egyptian scripts Hieroglyphic. Hieratic. Demotic ⇨ 003.212 Pictographic writing systems ⇨ =412 Egyptian and Coptic |
| 003.323 | Cuneiform scripts Sumerian, Hittite cuneiforms |
| 003.324 | Scripts of East Asia |
| 003.324.1 | Chinese scripts |
| 003.324.2 | Japanese scripts |
| 003.324.21 | Ancient Japanese scripts (non-Chinese types) |
| 003.324.22 | Hiragana |
| 003.324.23 | Katakana |
| 003.324.25 | Kanji Information Note: Kanji are the adopted logographic Chinese characters that are used in the Japanese writing system |
| 003.324.26 | Kanamajiri Scope Note: Kanji together with Hiragana |
| 003.326 | Mediterranean logographic scripts |
| 003.326.1 | Ancient Cretan, Minoan scripts |
| 003.326.3 | Cyprian syllabic script |
| 003.326.5 | Hittite picture script |
| 003.328 | Pasigraphic scripts. Scripts for artificial universal languages Bishop Wilkins ‘Real character’ |
| 003.329 | Other logographic or ideographic scripts Application Note: Details by common auxiliaries of place (Table 1e) |
| 003.33/.34 | Alphabetic scripts |
| 003.33 | Non-European alphabetic scripts |
| 003.332 | Semitic scripts |
| 003.332.1 | Early alphabetic scripts of the Mediterranean basin Proto-Sinaitic / Sinaitic / Proto-Canaanite |
| 003.332.2 | Phoenician scripts Punic scripts |
| 003.332.3 | Aramaic scripts |
| 003.332.4 | Hebrew and Canaanitic scripts |
| 003.332.5 | Arabic scripts Application Note: Details on non-Semitic languages by special auxiliaries 003.038, from 003.01/.09 ◇ 003.332.5.038:811.432.875 Adaptation of the Arabic script to Swahili ⇨ 003.038 Adaptation of a script to different languages and dialects |
| 003.332.6 | South Semitic scripts Sabaean script (south Arabian, Himyaritic and Hadhramautic) |
| 003.332.7 | Ethiopic scripts Amharic scripts |
| 003.332.9 | Other Semitic scripts Libyan. Berber. Iberian scripts |
| 003.333 | Iranian scripts Pahlavi. Avesta scripts |
| 003.334 | Caucasian scripts Armenian. Georgian scripts |
| 003.335 | Central and north Asiatic scripts Uighur, Mongolian scripts |
| 003.336 | Indian scripts |
| 003.336.2 | Kharosthi (Indo-Bactrian) |
| 003.336.3 | Brahmi writing systems and its offshoots Gupta. Devanagari |
| 003.336.4 | North East Indian scripts Kaithi scripts. Gujarati. Nepali scripts |
| 003.336.5 | Tibetan scripts |
| 003.336.6 | South Indian scripts Tamil |
| 003.337 | Scripts of South East Asia (Indo-China) and the East Indian Archipelago Burmese script. Cambodian / Khmer script. Thai “alphabet”. Indonesian scripts. Scripts of the Philippine Islands and the Malay Peninsula |
| 003.339 | Other non-European alphabetic scripts Scripts of North American Indians. Scripts of Eskimos |
| 003.34 | European alphabetic scripts |
| 003.341 | Greek script |
| 003.342 | Mediterranean scripts derived from Greek Coptic. Lycian. Phrygian |
| 003.343 | Ancient Italic scripts |
| 003.344 | Latin (Roman) script and its derivatives Gothic (blackletter) scripts. Italic scripts |
| 003.345 | Runes |
| 003.346 | Oghams |
| 003.347 | Gothic or Moeso-Gothic script of Ulfila (Wulfilas) |
| 003.348 | Albanian script |
| 003.349 | Glagolitic scripts. Cyrillic scripts |
| 003.349.1 | Glagolitic scripts |
| 003.349.2 | Early Cyrillic alphabets Church Slavonic alphabet, Bosnian Cyrillic alphabet (bosančica) |
| 003.349.3 | Cyrillic scripts Russian Cyrillic and Cyrillic alphabets of other Slavic languages; Cyrillic alphabets of non-Slavic languages Application Note: Details on adaptation to other languages by special auxiliaries 003.038, from 003.01/.09 ◇ 003.349.3.038:811.161.2 Adaptation of the Cyrillic to Ukrainian ◇ 003.349.3.038:811.512.133 Adaptation of the Cyrillic to Uzbek ⇨ 003.038 Adaptation of a script to different languages and dialects |
| 003.35 | Numeral systems |
| 003.354 | Systems using letters of the alphabet as numerals Application Note: Details by colon combination with 003.33/.34 |
| 003.356 | Systems using specific signs as numerals |
003.356.2 | Arabic (Indian) numerals |
| 003.5 | Writing materials and equipment ⇨ 001.812 Working materials ⇨ 003.05 Means of producing signs and scripts ⇨ 686.8 Office equipment. Stationery. Writing, drawing and artists’ accessories |
| 003.51 | Writing surfaces Stone, wood, clay, wax, papyrus, vellum, paper Application Note: Details by common auxiliaries of materials (Table 1k, -03) |
| 003.57 | Means of writing Inks. Chalks. Crayons. Pencils ⇨ 667.4/.5 Inks. Writing materials |
| 003.58 | Writing implements Styluses. Brushes. Quills. Nibs Application Note: Details by colon combination with the subdivision of 686.862 ⇨ 686.862 Writing implements |
| 003.6 | Other kinds of graphic representation of thought ◇ 003.6.079 Graffiti ⇨ (084.2) Schematic representations ⇨ (084.3) Cartographic images ⇨ 084 Pictorial material ⇨ 7.045 Symbols. Allegories. Emblems. Devices, heraldic designs. Monograms |
| 003.62 | Signs and symbols other than scripts ◇ 003.62:006.92 Transcription of time. Symbols of time, chronology, calendar ⇨ 003.21 Picture writing |
| 003.623 | Distinctive marks. Identification marks. Signs of authorization ◇ 003.623:629.463 Systems of identifying railway wagons / trucks |
| 003.625 | Mathematical signs and symbols ◇ 003.625:517.968 Integral symbol |
| 003.626 | Lexicographical symbols |
| 003.628 | Emblems. Allegories |
| 003.63 | Diagrams Cartograms. Schemata |
| 003.64 | Monograms Anagrams. Chronograms. Signature as mark of origin (in porcelain, carpets, tapestries, etc.) |
| 003.65 | Property marks. Brands |
| 003.69 | Other graphic signs Signs made on houses by thieves and vagrants |
| 004 | Computer Science and Technology. Computing. Data processing Scope Note: Class here also information technology (computing and telecommunications). Throughout 004 digital computing is assumed unless concept is qualified by :004.386 or :004.387 ⇨ 621.39 Telecommunication. Telegraphy. Telephony. Radiocommunication. Video technology and equipment. Telecontrol |
| 004.01/.08 | Special auxiliary subdivision for computing |
| 004.01 | Documentation ◇ 004.415.2.01 Documentation of the software design process ◇ 004.415.3.01 Documentation of source code. Program comments ⇨ (083.131) Directions for use. User’s guides. User’s manuals (directions for the use of equipment, instruments, specialist documents, computer software, etc.). Operating instructions |
| 004.02 | Problem-solving methods |
| 004.021 | Algorithms ⇨ 004.421 Algorithms for program construction |
| 004.023 | Heuristic methods |
| 004.03 | System types and characteristics |
| 004.031 | System types |
| 004.031.2 | Offline Batch |
| 004.031.4 | Online |
| 004.031.42 | Interactive |
| 004.031.43 | Real-time Transaction processing systems |
| 004.031.6 | Embedded |
| 004.032 | System characteristics |
| 004.032.2 | Mode of processing |
| 004.032.22 | Serial |
| 004.032.24 | Parallel. Concurrent ⇨ 004.272 Parallel processing architectures |
| 004.032.26 | Neural network |
| 004.032.3 | Timing ⇨ 004.074.34 Memory cycle time |
| 004.032.32 | Synchronous ⇨ 004.451.23 Synchronization |
| 004.032.322 | Clock rate. Clock speed |
| 004.032.324 | Clock cycle. Machine cycle. Internal cycle |
| 004.032.34 | Asynchronous |
| 004.032.5 | Scalability |
| 004.032.6 | Multimedia ⇨ 004.357 Peripherals for sound and multimedia ⇨ 004.4`27 Multimedia development tools |
| 004.032.8 | Computer generations Application Note: Details by asterisk (Table 1h) followed by the generation number ◇ 004.032.8*4 Fourth generation |
| 004.04 | Processing orientation |
| 004.041 | Procedure-oriented |
| 004.042 | Data-flow-oriented |
| 004.043 | Data-structure-oriented |
| 004.045 | Object-oriented |
| 004.046 | Function-oriented |
| 004.047 | Logic-oriented |
| 004.048 | AI-oriented ⇨ 004.8 Artificial intelligence |
| 004.05 | System and software quality |
| 004.051 | Performance |
| 004.052 | Reliability and correctness |
| 004.052.2 | Robustness |
| 004.052.3 | Fault tolerance |
| 004.052.32 | Fault monitoring |
| 004.052.34 | Fault threshold |
| 004.052.4 | Error control. Error handling |
| 004.052.42 | Error detection Validity checking. Data validation. Data verification |
| 004.052.44 | Error correction |
| 004.053 | Reusability |
| 004.054 | Testability |
| 004.055 | User-friendliness |
| 004.056 | Security |
| 004.056.2 | Integrity |
| 004.056.3 | Backup and recovery |
| 004.056.4 | Redundancy |
| 004.056.5 | Protection |
| 004.056.52 | Restricted access Firewalls Scope Note: Prevention of unauthorised access implemented on hardware or software level or both ◇ 004.72.056.52:004.3 Network hardware firewall ◇ 004.72.056.52:004.4 Network software firewall |
| 004.056.523 | Authentication and authorisation Scope Note: Class here programs and documents about username/password control and control of access to computer resources ◇ 004.72.056.523 Network authentication and authorisation ⇨ 004.72 Network architecture |
| 004.056.53 | Security against unauthorized access Hacking |
| 004.056.54 | Security against spyware Against adware, adbots Scope Note: Class here programs for, and documents about, detection and prevention. For security against malicious software (malware) see 004.491 ⇨ 004.491 Software to attack computer systems. Malicious software (malware) ⇨ 004.491.42 Trojan horses ⇨ 004.493 Unauthorised software to monitor machine activity. Spyware |
| 004.056.55 | Encryption ⇨ (083.73) Codes. Cryptographies. Keys ⇨ 003.26 Secret writing systems. Cryptographies ⇨ 004.421.5 Random number (pseudorandom number) generation algorithms |
| 004.056.57 | Security against computer infections ⇨ 004.49 Computer infections |
| 004.057 | Compatibility |
| 004.057.2 | Standardizing Conformance to standards ⇨ (083.74) Standards ⇨ 006 Standardization of products, operations, weights, measures and time |
| 004.057.3 | Formats |
| 004.057.4 | Protocols |
| 004.057.5 | Portability |
| 004.057.6 | Conversion |
| 004.057.7 | Emulation |
| 004.057.8 | Open systems. Open architecture |
| 004.07 | Memory characteristics |
| 004.072 | Memory action |
| 004.072.2 | Reading |
| 004.072.3 | Writing |
| 004.072.4 | Accessing |
| 004.072.5 | Addressing |
| 004.072.6 | Block transfer |
| 004.074 | Memory performance |
| 004.074.2 | Recording density |
| 004.074.3 | Access time |
| 004.074.32 | Seek time |
| 004.074.34 | Memory cycle time ⇨ 004.032.3 Timing |
| 004.076 | Memory volatility |
| 004.076.2 | Volatile |
| 004.076.4 | Nonvolatile |
| 004.08 | Input, output and storage media Scope Note: Class here storage media as a subject. For storage media as physical document carrier, see (0.034.4) ⇨ (0.034.4) Magnetic and optical media ⇨ 621.377.6 Digital stores, registers, storage devices |
| 004.081 | Punched media |
| 004.081.1 | Punched cards ⇨ 676.815.4 Punched cards for the control of machines (e.g. accounting machines, textile machines) |
| 004.081.2 | Punched tape ⇨ 676.816.5 Paper rolls for punching. Rolls for punched-tape machines (e.g. tape-typewriters, accounting machines) |
| 004.081.3 | Digital paper tape. Digital paper disks |
| 004.083 | Magnetic media |
| 004.083.1 | Magnetic cards |
| 004.083.2 | Magnetic stripe |
| 004.083.3 | Magnetic ink |
| 004.083.4 | Magnetic tape |
| 004.083.42 | Reel-to-reel tape |
| 004.083.44 | Tape cassettes |
| 004.083.45 | Tape cartridges |
| 004.083.5 | Magnetic core |
| 004.083.6 | Magnetic drums |
| 004.083.7 | Magnetic disks |
| 004.083.72 | Hard disks |
| 004.083.722 | Disk packs |
| 004.083.723 | Disk arrays |
| 004.083.74 | Floppy disks. Diskettes |
| 004.083.8 | Magnetic film memory. Thin-film memory Magnetic bubble memory |
| 004.084 | Magneto-optical media Erasable optical disks |
| 004.085 | Optical media |
| 004.085.2 | Compact discs (CD) Information Note: The standard compact disc was introduced in 1982 primarily for digital audio reproduction. The format was adapted by the computer industry in the mid-1980s, as a low-cost storage-and-distribution medium ⇨ (0.034.4) Magnetic and optical media ⇨ (086.76) Optical media sound recordings |
| 004.085.22 | CD-ROM. Compact disc read-only memory (not recordable) |
| 004.085.23 | CD-R, compact disc recordable. CD-RW, compact disc rewritable |
| 004.085.3 | WORMs (Write once, read many times) |
| 004.085.4 | Videodiscs (Laserdiscs, LD) Information Note: Patented as Reflective Optical Videodisc, also know as Laser Videodisc, Laservision, Disco-Vision, DiscoVision, and MCA DiscoVision. Laserdisc was a forerunner to compact discs and DVDs |
| 004.085.5 | DVD Scope Note: Class here also HD DVD – high definition optical disc (advanced optical disc) Information Note: Although the official DVD specification documents from 1995 have never stated what the abbreviation DVD stands for, this optical disc storage is most commonly referred to as Digital Versatile Disc and Digital Video Disc |
| 004.085.6 | Blu-ray Disc (Blu-ray, BD) Information Note: The Blu-ray Disc physical specifications were finished in 2004. The BD-ROM specifications were finalized in early 2006 |
| 004.085.7 | Digital paper (interactive paper) Scope Note: Comprises technology that optimizes paper-based processes by converting handwritten forms into digital documents. Digital paper should not be confused with electronic paper (e-paper) which is a display technology developed to mimic handwriting and appearance of ink and paper Information Note: Patterned paper used in conjunction with a digital pen to create handwritten digital documents. The printed dot pattern uniquely identifies the position coordinates on the paper. The digital pen uses this pattern to store the handwriting and upload it to a computer |
| 004.085.8 | Holographic data storage. Holographic Versatile Disc (HVD) |
| 004.087 | Electronic media |
| 004.087.2 | Semiconductor memory. Solid-state disks. Flash disks |
| 004.087.4 | Memory cards. PC cards |
| 004.087.5 | Smart cards. IC cards |
| 004.2 | Computer architecture |
| 004.22 | Data representation ⇨ 001.103 Data ⇨ 621.3.037.3 Type and representation of information |
| 004.222 | Numerical data |
| 004.222.2 | Fixed-point number representation |
| 004.222.3 | Floating-point number representation |
| 004.222.5 | Overflow and underflow |
| 004.223 | Characters and similar data Character sets. Fonts ◇ 004.223.057.2ANSI ANSI character set ◇ 004.223.057.2Unicode Unicode character set ⇨ 655.24 Type styles. Characters |
| 004.223.2 | Alphanumerics Application Note: Details on particular alphabets by colon combination with the subdivision of 003.33 ◇ 004.223.2:003.332.5 Arabic alphanumerics ⇨ 003.33 Non-European alphabetic scripts |
| 004.223.3 | Graphic characters Two-byte and three-byte representation Application Note: Details by colon combination with the subdivision of 003.32 ⇨ 003.32 Ideographic and logographic scripts |
| 004.223.5 | Special characters |
| 004.223.6 | Control characters |
| 004.223.7 | Escape characters. Escape keys |
| 004.225 | Date and time data |
| 004.225.2 | Date representation ◇ 004.225.2.052″2000″ Year 2000 problem |
| 004.225.4 | Time representation |
| 004.23 | Instruction set architecture |
| 004.231 | Kinds of instruction set |
| 004.231.2 | Complex instruction set computers (CISC) |
| 004.231.3 | Reduced instruction set computers (RISC) |
| 004.232 | Instruction format |
| 004.233 | Kinds of instruction |
| 004.233.2 | Branch instructions |
| 004.233.3 | Data manipulation instructions |
| 004.233.5 | Input – output (I/O) instructions |
| 004.234 | Registers in architecture |
| 004.235 | Addressing schemes |
| 004.236 | Subroutines in instruction set |
| 004.237 | Interrupts |
| 004.238 | Process status |
| 004.239 | Memory protection |
| 004.25 | Memory system |
| 004.252 | Memory hierarchies |
| 004.254 | Cache memory |
| 004.255 | Virtual memory |
| 004.258 | Memory control system |
| 004.27 | Advanced architectures. Non-Von Neumann architectures |
| 004.272 | Parallel processing architectures ⇨ 004.032.24 Parallel. Concurrent |
| 004.272.2 | Parallel processing techniques |
| 004.272.22 | Pipeline control |
Pipeline control | Using attached support processors (ASPs) |
| 004.272.25 | Vector processing |
| 004.272.26 | Using multiple processors |
| 004.272.3 | Architecture designs for parallel processing |
| 004.272.32 | SIMD architecture Scope Note: Single instruction stream, multiple data stream |
| 004.272.33 | MISD architecture Scope Note: Multiple instruction stream, single data stream |
| 004.272.34 | MIMD architecture Scope Note: Multiple instruction stream, multiple data stream |
| 004.272.4 | Kinds of parallel processor |
| 004.272.42 | Array processor systems |
| 004.272.43 | Multiprocessor systems |
| 004.272.44 | Dataflow systems |
| 004.272.45 | Interaction network architecture |
| 004.273 | Software-oriented architecture |
| 004.274 | Dynamic architecture |
| 004.275 | Clustering ⇨ 004.052.3 Fault tolerance ⇨ 004.056.3 Backup and recovery ⇨ 004.056.4 Redundancy |
| 004.275.1 | Shared-nothing architecture |
| 004.275.2 | Shared-disk architecture |
| 004.3 | Computer hardware Application Note: Details by colon combination with 62-1/-9 |
| 004.3`1/`2 | Special auxiliary subdivision for hardware |
| 004.3`1 | Production of computers |
| 004.3`12 | Design considerations |
| 004.3`122 | Noise reduction design |
| 004.3`124 | Thermal design. Cooling technology |
| 004.3`14 | Assembly technology for computers |
| 004.3`142 | Packages and packaging |
| 004.3`142.2 | Device-level packaging |
| 004.3`142.22 | Die bonding Wire bonding. Tape automated bonding (TAB) ⇨ 621.792 Joining by adhesion |
| 004.3`142.23 | Flip chips |
| 004.3`142.24 | Single inline packages (SIPs) |
| 004.3`142.25 | Dual inline packages (DIPs) |
| 004.3`142.26 | Pin-grid arrays |
| 004.3`142.27 | Flat packages |
| 004.3`142.4 | Board-level packaging Through-hole mount. Surface mount. Hybrid packaging |
| 004.3`142.6 | Frame-level packaging |
| 004.3`144 | Computer components Application Note: Details by colon combination with the subdivision of 621.3 ◇ 004.3`144:621.3.049.75 Printed circuits for computers ◇ 004.3`144:621.314 Power packs for computers ◇ 004.3`144:621.316.54 Computer switches ◇ 004.3`144:621.318.5 Computer relays |
| 004.3`2 | Computer installations ◇ 004.3`2:692.5 Floor structuring for computer installations ◇ 004.3`2:697.9 Ventilation and air-conditioning for computer installations |
| 004.31 | Processing units. Processing circuits |
| 004.312 | Logic circuits |
| 004.312.2 | Combinational circuits |
004.312.22 | Logic gates |
| 004.312.222 | AND-gates. OR-gates. NOT-gates |
| 004.312.225 | NAND-gates. NOR-gates |
| 004.312.24 | Multiplexers |
| 004.312.26 | Encoders. Decoders |
| 004.312.4 | Sequential circuits |
| 004.312.42 | Flip-flop in computers |
| 004.312.43 | Counters in computers |
| 004.312.44 | Arithmetic and logic circuits for arithmetic units ⇨ 004.315 Arithmetic units |
| 004.312.46 | Controlling circuits for mathematical operations |
| 004.312.462 | Wired logic |
| 004.312.463 | Pin-board logic |
| 004.312.466 | Microprogram controlled logic |
| 004.314 | Registers |
| 004.314.2 | General purpose registers |
| 004.314.3 | Accumulators |
004.314.4 | Shift registers |
| 004.314.5 | Floating point registers |
| 004.314.6 | Stack registers |
| 004.315 | Arithmetic units ⇨ 004.312.44 Arithmetic and logic circuits for arithmetic units |
| 004.315.2 | Adders. Half adders |
| 004.315.4 | Complementers |
| 004.315.5 | Multipliers. Dividers |
| 004.315.7 | Vector arithmetic units |
| 004.315.8 | Shifters and comparators |
| 004.318 | Central processing unit (CPU) |
| 004.32 | Computer pathways |
| 004.322 | Channels |
| 004.324 | Buses |
| 004.326 | Connectors to peripheral devices. Input-output pathways |
| 004.326.1 | Ports ◇ 004.326.1:621.384.3 Infrared ports ◇ 004.326.1.032.22 Serial ports ◇ 004.326.1.032.24 Parallel ports |
| 004.326.2 | Card slots ◇ 004.326.2.087.4 Slots for PC cards |
| 004.326.7 | Docking stations Docking cradles |
| 004.33 | Memory units. Storage units Application Note: Details on memory characteristics and memory storage media by special auxiliaries 004.07 and 004.08, from 004.01/.08 ⇨ 004.07 Memory characteristics ⇨ 004.08 Input, output and storage media |
| 004.332 | Memory types according to access possibility |
| 004.332.2 | Direct access memory |
| 004.332.3 | Random access memory (RAM) |
| 004.332.33 | Dynamic RAM (DRAM) |
| 004.332.34 | Static RAM (SRAM) |
004.332.5 | Sequential access memory |
| 004.333 | Read-only memory (ROM) |
| 004.334 | Pushup memory. Pushdown memory |
| 004.335 | Associative memory. Content addressable memory |
| 004.337 | Internal memory |
| 004.338 | External memory |
| 004.35 | Peripherals. Input-output units |
| 004.351 | Readers ◇ 004.351.081.1 Punched card readers |
| 004.352 | Scanners |
| 004.352.2 | Optical scanners |
| 004.352.22 | Graphics scanners |
| 004.352.24 | Optical recognition scanners. Optical wands |
| 004.352.242 | Optical character recognition (OCR) |
| 004.352.243 | Handwriting recognition |
| 004.352.246 | Bar code recognition |
004.352.4 | Scanners for specific media ◇ 004.352.4.083.3 for magnetic ink character recognition (MICR) ◇ 004.352.4.087.5 for IC cards |
| 004.353 | Computer consoles. Video terminals. Video display units. Visual display units |
| 004.353.2 | Display screens |
| 004.353.22 | Display resolution |
| 004.353.24 | Types of display |
| 004.353.242 | Bitmapped display |
| 004.353.244 | Raster display |
| 004.353.245 | Vector display. Calligraphic display |
| 004.353.25 | Types of screen |
| 004.353.253 | Cathode-ray display |
| 004.353.254 | Flat-panel display |
| 004.353.254.2 | Plasma display |
| 004.353.254.3 | Liquid crystal display (LCD) |
| 004.353.254.4 | Electroluminescent display |
| 004.353.254.5 | Light-emitting diode display (LED) |
| 004.353.256 | Holographic display technology ⇨ 004.514.64 Drag-and-drop ⇨ 004.514.66 Holographic user interface. 3D interface |
| 004.353.4 | Computer keyboards ⇨ 681.61.065 Keys. Keyboards |
| 004.353.44 | Special keys |
| 004.353.45 | Function keys |
| 004.354 | Locating devices. Pointing devices. Graphic input devices |
| 004.354.2 | Light pens |
| 004.354.3 | Touch-screens |
| 004.354.4 | Graphics tablets. Graphic pads. Digitizer tablets |
| 004.354.5 | Mice ◇ 004.354.5:621.384.3 Infrared mice |
| 004.354.6 | Trackerballs |
| 004.354.7 | Joy sticks / joysticks. Gamepads, gamecontrollers Scope Note: Class here also gaming peripherals such as steering wheels and headsets |
| 004.355 | Drives Application Note: Details by special auxiliaries 004.08, from 004.01/.08 ◇ 004.355.083.4 Tape drives ◇ 004.355.083.723 Disk array drives. RAID (redundant arrays of inexpensive disks) configurations ◇ 004.355.083.74 Floppy disk drives ◇ 004.355.085.22 CD-ROM drives ⇨ 004.08 Input, output and storage media |
| 004.356 | Peripherals for hard-copy output |
| 004.356.2 | Printers as peripherals ⇨ 681.625.9 Other special purpose printing machines |
004.356.4 | Output on photosensitive materials Computer output microfilming (COM) |
| 004.357 | Peripherals for sound and multimedia Voice input devices |
| 004.358 | Peripherals for simulation and virtual reality Data gloves. Data suits. Data helmets |
| 004.38 | Computers. Kinds of computer Application Note: Details on computer generation by special auxiliaries 004.032.8, from 004.01/.08 ⇨ 004.032.8 Computer generations |
| 004.382 | General purpose computers |
| 004.382.2 | Supercomputers |
| 004.382.3 | Mainframes |
| 004.382.4 | Minicomputers |
| 004.382.6 | Work stations |
| 004.382.7 | Personal computers. Microcomputers |
| 004.382.72 | Desk-top computers |
| 004.382.73/.77 | Portable computers. Handheld computers. Mobile devices |
004.382.73 | Laptops / notebooks Scope Note: Class here traditional laptops (clamshell design) |
| 004.382.732 | Ultraportable, subnotebooks, mini notebooks Netbooks, Chromebooks Scope Note: Class here smaller, lighter, inexpensive laptops |
| 004.382.74 | Pen computers. Tablet computers. Smartphones |
| 004.382.741 | Pen computers. Ultra-mobile PCs (UMPCs) |
| 004.382.742 | Tablet computers Slates (e.g. Samsung Galaxy Tab Pro, Sony Xperia Tablet Z, iPad); mini tablets (e.g. KindleFire, Nook Tablet, Nexus 7, iPad mini); phablets (phone-tablet); 2-in-1 PCs; gaming tablets, booklets (e.g. Microsoft Surface, Sony Tablet P) and customized business tablets Scope Note: Class here also Mobile Internet Devices (MID) |
004.382.745 | Smartphones Scope Note: Class here smartphones as handheld personal computers. Class smartphones as telephones at 621.395.721.5 |
| 004.382.75 | Palmtop computers. Handheld computers Scope Note: Class here small, now discontinued, devices: handheld PCs, pocket-sized computers and personal digital assistants (PDAs) |
| 004.382.76 | Wearable computers Smartwatches, calculator watches, head-mounted / helmet-mounted display (HMD), optical head-mounted display (smart glasses), smart clothing items |
| 004.382.77 | Portable data terminals (PDT). Mobile data terminals (MDT) Scope Note: Class here devices to enter or access data via wireless transmission and computerised devices used in public transit, warehouses, etc. to communicate with the central dispatch office |
| 004.383 | Special purpose computers |
| 004.383.1 | Word processors |
| 004.383.2 | Server computers ◇ 004.383.2:004.63 File server computer ◇ 004.383.2:004.738.5 Web server computers ⇨ 004.455.2 Server software |
| 004.383.3 | Digital signal processors (DSPs) |
| 004.383.4 | Simulators |
| 004.383.5 | Image processors |
| 004.383.6 | Database machines |
| 004.383.8 | Artificial intelligence machines ◇ 004.383.8.032.26 Neurocomputers |
| 004.384 | Industrial computers. Process computers |
| 004.386 | Hybrid computers |
| 004.387 | Analog computers |
| 004.388 | Computer-related machines |
| 004.388.2 | Calculators. Programmable calculators |
| 004.388.4 | Games machines |
| 004.4 | Software |
| 004.4`2/`6 | Special auxiliary subdivision for software |
| 004.4`2 | Software development tools |
| 004.4`22 | Computer-aided software engineering (CASE) tools |
| 004.4`23 | Programming tools |
| 004.4`232 | Editors |
004.4`233 | Debuggers |
| 004.4`234 | Program browsing tools ⇨ 004.455.1 Client software |
| 004.4`236 | Visual programming tools |
| 004.4`24 | Software automation tools |
| 004.4`242 | Program generators. Application generators. Automatic programming |
| 004.4`244 | System generators |
| 004.4`27 | Multimedia development tools |
| 004.4`272 | Authoring systems |
| 004.4`273 | Image editors |
| 004.4`274 | Video editors |
| 004.4`275 | Animation software tools |
| 004.4`277 | Tools for sound |
| 004.4`277.2 | Sound editors |
| 004.4`277.4 | Music creation tools MIDI sequencers |
| 004.4`4 | Programming language translation |
| 004.4`41 | Programming language translation processes |
| 004.4`412 | Lexical analysis |
| 004.4`413 | Syntax analysis. Parsing |
| 004.4`414 | Semantic analysis |
| 004.4`415 | Code generation |
| 004.4`416 | Code optimization |
| 004.4`417 | Use of a symbol table |
| 004.4`418 | Use of an intermediate language |
| 004.4`42 | Programming language translators |
| 004.4`422 | Compilers |
| 004.4`423 | Interpreters |
| 004.4`424 | Assemblers |
| 004.4`426 | Macro processors |
| 004.4`427 | Preprocessors |
| 004.4`6 | Runtime environment Runtime storage allocation. Address computation. Execution control |
| 004.41 | Software engineering Scope Note: Class here computer system engineering |
| 004.411 | Software development methodology ◇ 004.411:004.414.32 Software prototyping ◇ 004.411-022.12 Lightweight methodologies ◇ 004.411-022.338 Iterative software development approach ◇ 004.411-022.338-026.23 Iterative and incremental development approach ◇ 004.411-022.354 Sequential development approach. Waterfall approach ◇ 004.411-025.366 Spiral development ◇ 004.411-026.131 Agile development ◇ 004.411-026.512.1 Rapid application development (RAD) |
| 004.412 | Software metrics |
| 004.412.2 | Metrics based on program size. Lines of code (LOC) metrics |
| 004.412.3 | Metrics based on function points |
| 004.413 | Software development management. Software project management |
| 004.413.2 | Scheduling management |
| 004.413.4 | Risk analysis |
| 004.413.5 | Software project estimation techniques |
| 004.414 | Definition phase of system and software engineering |
| 004.414.2 | Computer system analysis and design |
| 004.414.22 | System requirements analysis ◇ 004.414.22:004.2 Computer architecture requirements |
| 004.414.23 | Modelling and simulation of computer systems |
| 004.414.28 | System specification |
| 004.414.3 | Software requirements analysis |
| 004.414.32 | Software prototyping |
| 004.414.38 | Software requirements specification |
| 004.415 | Development phase of system and software engineering |
| 004.415.2 | Software design ◇ 004.415.2.01 Documentation of the software design process ◇ 004.415.2.031.43 Real-time system design ◇ 004.415.2.041 Procedure-oriented design techniques ◇ 004.415.2.043 Data-structure-oriented design techniques ◇ 004.415.2.052.3 Fault-tolerant design |
| 004.415.22 | Abstraction |
| 004.415.23 | Modularization |
| 004.415.24 | Information hiding |
| 004.415.25 | Programming in-the-small |
| 004.415.26 | Program design languages. Pseudocode |
| 004.415.28 | Software design specification |
| 004.415.3 | Coding ◇ 004.415.3.01 Documentation of source code. Program comments ⇨ 004.42 Computer programming. Computer programs |
| 004.415.5 | Software quality assurance Verification and validation (V&V) ⇨ 006.015.5 Quality |
| 004.415.52 | Formal technical reviews Walk-through |
| 004.415.53 | Software testing |
| 004.415.532 | Unit testing. Testing in the small |
| 004.415.532.2 | Black box testing |
| 004.415.532.3 | White box testing |
| 004.415.533 | Integration testing |
| 004.415.535 | Validation testing |
| 004.415.538 | System testing. Testing in the large |
| 004.416 | System and software maintenance |
| 004.416.2 | Correction. Debugging |
| 004.416.3 | Software adaptation |
| 004.416.6 | Software enhancement |
| 004.418 | Software localisation |
| 004.42 | Computer programming. Computer programs ⇨ 519.85 Mathematical programming |
| 004.421 | Algorithms for program construction Scope Note: Class algorithms for particular processes at the process, using 004.021, from special auxiliary subdivision for computing 004.01/.08 ◇ 004.424.5.021 Sort algorithms ⇨ 004.021 Algorithms |
| 004.421.2 | Basic mathematical algorithms Scope Note: For mathematical theory of algorithms in general, see 510.5 Application Note: Details by colon combination with the subdivision of 51 ◇ 004.421.2:517.443 Fast Fourier transform ◇ 004.421.2:517.535 Algorithms for rational expression ◇ 004.421.2:519.17 Graph algorithms ⇨ 510.5 Computability theory ⇨ 512.54.05 Algorithmic problems in group theory. The word problem ⇨ 519.16 Algorithmic problems of combinatorial analysis ⇨ 519.178 Algorithmic questions of graph theory ⇨ 519.712 Cybernetic problems of theory of algorithms |
| 004.421.4 | Evaluation expression algorithms |
| 004.421.5 | Random number (pseudorandom number) generation algorithms ⇨ 004.056.55 Encryption |
| 004.421.6 | Symbol processing algorithms |
004.422 | Components of computer programs |
| 004.422.1 | Atoms |
| 004.422.2 | Constants |
| 004.422.3 | Variables |
| 004.422.32 | Kinds of variable |
| 004.422.322 | Global or local variable |
| 004.422.324 | Static or dynamic variable |
| 004.422.326 | Free or shared variable |
| 004.422.33 | Default rule for variables |
| 004.422.35 | Declaration of variables |
| 004.422.352 | Explicit declaration |
| 004.422.353 | Implicit declaration |
| 004.422.4 | Expressions |
| 004.422.42 | Parts of expression |
| 004.422.422 | Operator |
| 004.422.423 | Operand |
| 004.422.44 | Kinds of expression |
| 004.422.442 | M-expression |
| 004.422.444 | Lambda-expression |
| 004.422.5 | Statements |
| 004.422.52 | Executable statements |
| 004.422.53 | Declarative statements |
| 004.422.55 | Horn clause |
| 004.422.56 | Macro instructions. Macro calls |
| 004.422.6 | Data types |
| 004.422.61 | Basic data types |
| 004.422.612 | Logical data type. Boolean data type |
| 004.422.613 | Numeric data types |
| 004.422.614 | Character data types |
| 004.422.615 | Enumerated data types |
| 004.422.616 | Pointers |
| 004.422.63 | Structured data types. Data structures |
| 004.422.632 | Arrays |
| 004.422.632.2 | Character strings |
| 004.422.632.4 | Multidimensional arrays |
| 004.422.633 | Records |
| 004.422.634 | Sets |
| 004.422.635 | Dynamic data structures |
| 004.422.635.2 | Linked-list (chained-list) structure |
| 004.422.635.3 | Tree structure |
| 004.422.635.32 | Balanced tree (B-tree) B+tree |
| 004.422.635.33 | Binary tree |
| 004.422.635.5 | Stream type structure |
| 004.422.636 | Abstract data types |
| 004.422.636.2 | Lists |
| 004.422.636.3 | Stacks |
| 004.422.636.4 | Queues |
| 004.422.636.5 | Deques |
| 004.422.636.7 | Tables |
| 004.422.639 | Other data types |
004.422.8 | Program units |
| 004.422.81 | Main program |
| 004.422.83 | Subroutines |
| 004.422.832 | Coroutines |
| 004.422.833 | Modules. Procedures |
| 004.422.834 | Functions |
| 004.422.837 | Program macros |
| 004.422.86 | Parameters (arguments) |
| 004.423 | Syntax and semantics of programs |
| 004.423.2 | Program syntax |
| 004.423.22 | Concrete syntax |
| 004.423.23 | Abstract syntax |
| 004.423.24 | Regular expression |
| 004.423.25 | Context-free grammar |
| 004.423.26 | Attribute grammar |
| 004.423.4 | Program semantics |
| 004.423.42 | Operational semantics |
| 004.423.43 | Denotational semantics |
| 004.423.45 | Algebraic semantics |
| 004.423.46 | Axiomatic semantics |
| 004.424 | Programming techniques |
| 004.424.2 | Basic control structures |
| 004.424.22 | Repetition. Loops. Iteration |
| 004.424.23 | Selection |
| 004.424.25 | Decision tables |
| 004.424.27 | Jump. GOTO. Branch |
| 004.424.3 | Subroutine techniques |
| 004.424.32 | Subroutine calls |
| 004.424.33 | Arguments |
| 004.424.35 | Re-entrant routines |
| 004.424.36 | Recursive procedures |
| 004.424.4 | Search techniques |
| 004.424.42 | Search key |
| 004.424.43 | Table search. Table look-up |
| 004.424.44 | Set operation |
| 004.424.45 | Linear search |
| 004.424.46 | Binary search |
| 004.424.47 | Hashing |
| 004.424.5 | Sort techniques ◇ 004.424.5:004.337 Internal sorting ◇ 004.424.5:004.338 External sorting ◇ 004.424.5.032.24 Parallel sorting |
| 004.424.52 | Minimum-comparison sorting |
| 004.424.53 | Sorting network |
| 004.424.56 | Merging |
| 004.424.57 | Permutation |
| 004.424.6 | Pattern matching |
| 004.424.62 | String pattern matching. String matching |
| 004.424.64 | Tree pattern matching |
| 004.424.7 | Memory (storage) techniques |
| 004.424.72 | Blocking |
| 004.424.74 | Dynamic memory allocation |
| 004.424.75 | Heap manipulation |
004.424.8 | Input/output instructions |
| 004.428 | Libraries of subroutines |
| 004.428.2 | Standard subroutines |
| 004.428.4 | User-defined subroutines |
| 004.43 | Computer languages Programming languages ⇨ 004.4`4 Programming language translation ⇨ 004.655 Database languages ⇨ 811.93 Artificial languages used to instruct machines. Programming languages. Computer languages |
| 004.431 | Low level languages |
| 004.431.2 | Machine languages |
| 004.431.4 | Assembly languages |
| 004.432 | High level languages |
| 004.432.2 | Procedural languages. Imperative languages |
| 004.432.4 | Nonprocedural languages. Declarative languages |
| 004.432.42 | Functional languages |
| 004.432.45 | Fourth generation languages (4GLs). Conversational languages ⇨ 004.655 Database languages |
| 004.434 | Problem oriented languages ◇ 004.434:004.422.635.2 List processing languages ◇ 004.434:004.8 Programming languages for AI ◇ 004.434:004.82 Knowledge representation languages ◇ 004.434:004.94 Simulation languages ◇ 004.434:005 Business application languages ◇ 004.434:5 Scientific application languages |
| 004.435 | Metalanguages |
| 004.436 | Description languages |
| 004.436.2 | Hardware description language |
| 004.436.4 | System description language |
004.436.6 | Page description languages |
| 004.438 | Individual programming languages Application Note: Details by alphabetical extension (Table 1h) ⇨ =93 Artificial languages used to instruct machines. Programming languages. Computer languages |
| 004.439 | Markup languages. Tagging codes Scope Note: Class here standards and conventions for encoding electronic documents (text and other data) to enable output, display or searching Application Note: Details by colon combination and/or alphabetical extension (Table 1h) ◇ 004.439:004.55 Markup languages for hypermedia ◇ 004.439:004.55HTML Hypertext Markup Language ◇ 004.439:004.94VRML Virtual Reality Modeling Language ◇ 004.439SGML Standard Generalized Markup Language ◇ 004.439`232:004.55HTML HTML editors |
| 004.45 | System software |
| 004.451 | Operating systems |
| 004.451.1 | Input and output control ◇ 004.451.1:004.237 Interrupt I/O |
| 004.451.2 | Process management |
| 004.451.21 | Mutual exclusion |
| 004.451.22 | Fairness |
| 004.451.23 | Synchronization ⇨ 004.032.32 Synchronous |
| 004.451.24 | Interprocess communication |
| 004.451.25 | Process control |
| 004.451.26 | Process scheduling |
| 004.451.27 | Deadlock prevention. Deadlock recovery |
| 004.451.3 | Memory management |
| 004.451.31 | Memory allocation |
| 004.451.33 | Garbage collection |
| 004.451.34 | Memory compaction. Defragmentation |
| 004.451.35 | Virtual memory management |
| 004.451.352 | Paging |
| 004.451.353 | Segmentation |
| 004.451.354 | Paged segmentation |
| 004.451.36 | Memory protection |
| 004.451.37 | Secondary storage (auxiliary memory) management |
| 004.451.4 | Job management |
| 004.451.43 | Spooling |
| 004.451.44 | Job scheduling |
| 004.451.45 | Multithreading |
| 004.451.46 | Multitasking. Multiprogramming |
| 004.451.47 | Job control language (JCL). Command language |
| 004.451.48 | Operator command |
| 004.451.5 | Data management |
| 004.451.51 | Volume management |
| 004.451.52 | File management File creation. File deletion. File manipulation ◇ 004.451.52.056.3 File dumping ◇ 004.451.52.056.5 File protection |
| 004.451.53 | File organization Directory structures |
| 004.451.54 | Record manipulation ⇨ 005.92 Records management |
| 004.451.56 | Access methods |
| 004.451.57 | Buffering |
| 004.451.6 | Communication management |
| 004.451.62 | Inter-process communication |
| 004.451.622 | Message passing |
| 004.451.624 | Shared memory |
| 004.451.64 | Privileged instructions. Hardware protection |
| 004.451.642 | Operating modes Monitor mode (supervisor mode, system mode), User mode |
| 004.451.644 | System calls (supervisor calls) |
| 004.451.7 | Time-sharing processing ◇ 004.451.7:004.7 Data communication processing ◇ 004.451.7.031.43 Real-time processing. Transaction processing |
| 004.451.8 | Design features of operating systems |
| 004.451.82 | Layering |
| 004.451.83 | Client-server design |
| 004.451.84 | System interfaces |
| 004.451.86 | Subsystems |
| 004.451.87 | Kernel |
| 004.451.88 | Microkernel |
| 004.451.9 | Specific operating systems Application Note: Details by alphabetical extension (Table 1h) ◇ 004.451.9UNIX UNIX operating system |
| 004.453 | Program control software |
| 004.453.2 | Linkers |
| 004.453.3 | Relocators |
| 004.453.4 | Loaders |
| 004.453.5 | Initial program loader |
| 004.454 | Device drivers |
| 004.455 | Client-server software |
| 004.455.1 | Client software Browsers ◇ 004.455.1:004.738.5 Worldwide Web browsers |
| 004.455.2 | Server software ⇨ 004.383.2 Server computers |
| 004.457 | Utility programs Software agents. Daemons |
| 004.49 | Computer infections ⇨ 004.056.53 Security against unauthorized access ⇨ 004.056.54 Security against spyware ⇨ 004.056.57 Security against computer infections ⇨ 004.493 Unauthorised software to monitor machine activity. Spyware |
| 004.491 | Software to attack computer systems. Malicious software (malware) |
| 004.491.2 | Replicating infections |
| 004.491.22 | Computer viruses |
| 004.491.23 | Computer worms |
| 004.491.4 | Nonreplicating infections |
| 004.491.42 | Trojan horses ⇨ 004.056.54 Security against spyware |
| 004.491.43 | Logic bombs |
| 004.492 | Software against computer infections |
| 004.492.2 | Software to prevent infections |
004.492.3 | Software to detect infections |
| 004.492.4 | Software to remove infections |
| 004.493 | Unauthorised software to monitor machine activity. Spyware Adware, adbots ⇨ 004.056.54 Security against spyware |
| 004.5 | Human-computer interaction. Man-machine interface. User interface. User environment Scope Note: For peripheral hardware see 004.35 |
| 004.51 | Display interface |
| 004.512 | Textual interfaces. Character-based user interfaces |
| 004.512.2 | Command prompts |
| 004.512.3 | Menu interfaces |
004.512.4 | Conversational interfaces |
| 004.512.5 | Forms dialogue interfaces |
| 004.514 | Graphical user interfaces |
| 004.514.2 | Pointers |
| 004.514.4 | Pop-up menus. Pull-down menus |
| 004.514.6 | Windows environment. Wimp interface |
| 004.514.62 | Desktop manager |
| 004.514.64 | Drag-and-drop |
| 004.514.66 | Holographic user interface. 3D interface Scope Note: Class here also 3D effects in window manipulation and direct manipulation ⇨ -023.5 Three-dimensional. Solid ⇨ 004.353.256 Holographic display technology ⇨ 778.38 Holography (photographic aspects) |
| 004.52 | Sound interface |
| 004.522 | Speaking interface |
| 004.523 | Use of sounds other than speech |
| 004.55 | Hypermedia. Hypertext |
| 004.58 | User help ⇨ (083.131) Directions for use. User’s guides. User’s manuals (directions for the use of equipment, instruments, specialist documents, computer software, etc.). Operating instructions |
| 004.582 | On-screen help |
| 004.584 | Wizards |
| 004.588 | Tutorial programs |
| 004.6 | Data. Data sets ◇ 004.6-022.59 Big Data |
| 004.62 | Data handling |
| 004.622 | Data preparation |
| 004.623 | Downloading. Uploading |
| 004.624 | Data export. Data import |
| 004.627 | Data compression |
| 004.63 | Files |
| 004.632 | File access |
| 004.632.2 | Serial access |
| 004.632.3 | Sequential access |
| 004.632.4 | Random access. Direct access |
| 004.632.5 | Indexed sequential access |
| 004.633 | File manipulation |
| 004.633.2 | Sort operation |
| 004.633.3 | Merge operation |
| 004.633.4 | Update operation |
| 004.65 | Databases and their structures Database management systems (DBMS) ◇ 004.65:004.451 Database operating systems |
| 004.651 | Database file organization |
| 004.651.2 | Partitioned organization |
| 004.651.3 | Multilist organization |
| 004.651.4 | Tree structure organization |
| 004.651.5 | Dynamic file organization |
| 004.651.52 | B-tree |
| 004.651.53 | Self-organization tree |
| 004.651.54 | Dynamic hash organization |
| 004.652 | Database models |
| 004.652.2 | Hierarchical model |
| 004.652.3 | Network model |
| 004.652.4 | Relational model |
| 004.652.42 | Relational integrity |
| 004.652.43 | Relational algebra |
| 004.652.44 | Relational calculus |
| 004.652.5 | Object-oriented data model |
| 004.652.6 | Logical database model |
| 004.652.7 | Inverted file model |
| 004.652.8 | Entity-relationship model |
| 004.654 | Data dependency |
| 004.655 | Database languages |
| 004.655.2 | Data definition languages |
| 004.655.3 | Data manipulation languages Query languages. Standard query language (SQL) |
| 004.656 | Data dictionaries |
| 004.657 | Database query processing |
| 004.658 | Database management |
| 004.658.2 | Operation of database |
| 004.658.3 | Restructuring of database |
004.658.4 | Standardization of database |
| 004.658.6 | Interoperable database |
| 004.659 | Search engines |
| 004.67 | Systems for numeric data Spreadsheet systems |
| 004.7 | Computer communication. Computer networks |
| 004.71 | Computer communication hardware Scope Note: Telecommunication equipment is classed under 621.39 |
| 004.712 | Network adapters. Network cards |
| 004.713 | Data switches |
| 004.714 | Hubs Active hubs. Passive hubs |
| 004.715 | Routers |
| 004.716 | Network interconnection devices Bridges. Gateways. Relays |
| 004.717 | Front-end processors. Front-end computers |
| 004.72 | Network architecture Application Note: Details on protocols by special auxiliaries 004.057.4, from 004.01/.08 ◇ 004.72:004.451 Network operating systems ◇ 004.72.056.52 Restricted access in networks. Firewalls ⇨ 004.057.4 Protocols |
| 004.722 | Network topologies FTP (file transfer protocol) |
| 004.722.2 | Point-to-point networks |
| 004.722.22 | Star networks |
| 004.722.23 | Ring networks |
| 004.722.25 | Tree networks |
004.722.4 | Broadcast networks |
| 004.722.42 | Token ring networks |
| 004.722.43 | Token bus networks |
| 004.722.45 | Satellite networks |
| 004.724 | Data switching methods |
| 004.724.2 | Circuit switching |
| 004.724.3 | Message switching |
| 004.724.4 | Packet switching |
| 004.725 | Network parts |
| 004.725.2 | Hosts |
| 004.725.4 | Nodes |
| 004.725.5 | Local access networks |
| 004.725.7 | Backbone networks |
| 004.728 | Open systems interconnection (OSI) reference model |
| 004.728.1 | Physical layer |
| 004.728.3 | Data-link layer ◇ 004.728.3.057.4 Data-link control protocols |
| 004.728.4 | Network layer |
| 004.728.5 | Transport layer |
| 004.728.6 | Session layer |
| 004.728.7 | Presentation layer |
004.728.8 | Application layer |
| 004.73 | Networks according to area covered |
| 004.732 | Local area networks (LANs) |
| 004.733 | Metropolitan area networks (MANs) |
| 004.735 | Wide area networks (WANs) |
| 004.738 | Network interconnection. Internetworking Networks of networks, e.g. Arpanet and Internet, and national, state or academic networks ◇ 004.738:378(410) UK Joint Academic Network – JANET |
| 004.738.1 | Site. Service node. Sites by type of service ◇ 004.738.1FTP FTP site |
| 004.738.4 | Intranets |
| 004.738.45 | Extranets |
| 004.738.5 | The Internet World Wide Web (WWW) Scope Note: Class here the Internet from the technological point of view only. For World Wide Web in the strict sense, see 004.774. For general concept of internet in the sense of ‘online’, see 077 ◇ 004.738.5:338.46 Internet service providers ◇ 004.738.5.057.2 Internet and WWW standards ◇ 004.738.5.057.4 Internet protocol. TCP/IP |
| 004.75 | Distributed processing systems ◇ 004.75:004.451 Distributed operating systems ◇ 004.75:004.455 Client-server systems ◇ 004.75:004.455.1 Peer-to-peer (P2P) computing ◇ 004.75:004.455.1BT BitTorrent P2P file sharing ◇ 004.75:004.455.1-028.51Tor Tor anonymity network |
| 004.76 | Cloud computing Application Note: Details on the deployment model by colon combination and/or common auxiliaries of properties (Table 1k, -02) ◇ 004.74:004.6-022.59 Big Data cloud ◇ 004.76:004.382.2 High performance cloud (HPC) ◇ 004.76:004.42 Cloud engineering ◇ 004.76-022.218 Multicloud ◇ 004.76-027.55 Hybrid cloud (private and public) ◇ 004.76-027.551 Private cloud ◇ 004.76-027.555 Public cloud |
| 004.761 | Platform as a cloud service (PaaS) Scope Note: Class here cloud services providing pre-configured server resources on which users can run and develop software of their choice ◇ 004.761HER Heroku ◇ 004.761ORA Oracle Cloud Platform |
| 004.762 | Software as a cloud service (SaaS) Scope Note: Class here software applications running on a cloud infrastructure ◇ 004.762:004.451.52 Cloud file management software (e.g. Dropbox) ◇ 004.762:005.8BAS Cloud project management software (e.g. Basecamp) |
| 004.763 | Infrastructure as a cloud service (IaaS) Scope Note: Class here services providing physical computing resources ◇ 004.762:004.383.2 Cloud server providers (e.g. Amazon Web Services) |
| 004.764 | Serverless cloud computing Function as a service (FaaS) Scope Note: Class here services starting and stopping virtual cloud resources as required to satisfy demand |
| 004.765 | Mobile backend as a cloud service (MBaaS) Scope Note: Class here services providing cloud storage and APIs for mobile applications |
| 004.77 | General networking applications and services Internet applications |
| 004.771 | Remote access Telnet, Secure Shell (ssh), remote login (rlogin), remote shell (rsh), remote command prompt (rcp), remote executable (rexec) Scope Note: Programs for executing commands on remote machine |
| 004.772 | File transfer ◇ 004.772FSP File Service Protocol ◇ 004.772FTP File Transfer Protocol |
| 004.773 | Message interchange |
| 004.773.2 | Bulletin boards |
| 004.773.3 | Electronic mail (e-mail) ◇ 004.773.3ELM Easy Learning Mail – ELM program ◇ 004.773.3EUDORA Eudora mail program |
| 004.773.4 | Messaging applications. Internet telephony. Broadband telephony. Voice over IP (VoIP) protocols Services and providers Application Note: Details on specific platforms or services by alphabetical subdivision ◇ 004.773.4VIB Viber ◇ 004.773.4.7SKY Skype ◇ 004.773.4.7WHA WhatsApp ⇨ 621.395 Telephony technology and equipment |
| 004.773.5 | Computer conferencing Video conferencing |
| 004.773.6 | Instant messaging. Real-time messaging. Chat rooms Scope Note: For instant messaging using mobile phone (SMS texting), see 621.395.721.5. For VoIP-based systems, see 004.773.4 ◇ 004.773.6ICQ ‘I-seek-you’ ◇ 004.773.6IRC Internet Relay Chat program |
| 004.773.7 | Newsgroups. Forums. Online discussion groups |
| 004.774 | World Wide Web (in the strict sense, HTTP application) Web pages. Web resources. Web Content ◇ 004.774:001.103.2 Web resources metadata ◇ 004.774-026.11 Static web pages. Passive web ◇ 004.774-026.12 Dynamic web pages. Active web |
| 004.774.1 | Social web / participatory web Social networking platforms. Social networking services, sites (SNS) Scope Note: Class here web technology and applications allowing users to generate content, interact and collaborate. Class here technology related to virtual communities. For social media phenomena, see 077.5 ◇ 004.774.1FB Facebook ◇ 004.774.1TW Twitter |
| 004.774.2 | Semantic Web |
| 004.774.25 | Linked Data Open Linked Data |
| 004.774.6 | Tools and programs for web page design, web content publishing, organization and management ◇ 004.774.6:311 Web page access statistics programs ◇ 004.774.6BLOG Weblog pages. Blogs. Interactive web journals ◇ 004.774.6CMS Content Management Systems ◇ 004.774.6RSS Syndication of Web content using Really Simple Syndication (RSS) format |
| 004.775 | Search and information services Wide Area Information System (WAIS), Gopher, web crawlers, search engines, intelligent agents, bots, directories, gateways, portals, vortals (vertical industry portals), webrings ◇ 004.775Goo Google search |
| 004.777 | Programmatic web interfaces. Web APIs Web services (WSDL, SOAP, REST) ⇨ 077 Internet. Internet studies. Internet and Web science |
| 004.78 | Online computing systems for specific use ◇ 004.78:025.4.036 For information retrieval ◇ 004.78:336.717 For banking transactions |
| 004.8 | Artificial intelligence |
| 004.81 | Models of cognitive processes Application Note: Details by colon combination with the subdivision of 159.9 ◇ 004.81:159.942.52 Model of feeling ◇ 004.81:159.953 Model of memory ◇ 004.81:159.953.32 Model of association ◇ 004.81:159.953.5 Model of learning ◇ 004.81:159.953.6 Model of forgetting ◇ 004.81:159.955 Model of thinking |
| 004.82 | Knowledge representation |
| 004.822 | Knowledge networks Semantic networks |
| 004.823 | Frame systems. Frames Schemata. Scripts |
| 004.824 | Multiple word |
| 004.825 | Production systems. Rule-based systems |
| 004.826 | Blackboard model |
| 004.827 | Representation of ambiguity Uncertainty. Incompleteness of knowledge |
| 004.83 | Reasoning |
| 004.832 | Problem solving |
| 004.832.2 | Search |
| 004.832.22 | Representation of problem |
| 004.832.23 | Search in problem space |
| 004.832.24 | Search in game tree |
| 004.832.25 | Constraint-based search |
| 004.832.28 | Control strategies |
| 004.832.3 | Inference |
| 004.832.32 | Method of inference |
| 004.832.34 | Inference based on ambiguous knowledge |
| 004.832.38 | Control of inference |
| 004.838 | Kinds of reasoning |
| 004.838.2 | Qualitative reasoning |
| 004.838.3 | Analogical reasoning |
| 004.838.5 | Abduction |
| 004.85 | Machine learning |
| 004.852 | Statistical learning and parameter learning |
| 004.853 | Knowledge acquisition and maintenance |
| 004.855 | Learning and inductive inference |
| 004.855.2 | Grammatical inference |
| 004.855.3 | Concept learning |
| 004.855.5 | Learning from examples |
| 004.855.6 | Learning by analogy. Learning by discovery |
| 004.89 | Artificial intelligence application systems. Intelligent knowledge-based systems |
| 004.891 | Expert systems |
| 004.891.2 | Consultation expert systems |
| 004.891.3 | Diagnostic expert systems |
| 004.896 | Artificial intelligence in industrial systems Intelligent CAD / CAM. Intelligent robotics |
| 004.9 | Application-oriented computer-based techniques |
| 004.91 | Document processing and production |
| 004.912 | Word processing. Text processing |
| 004.915 | Desktop publishing |
| 004.92 | Computer graphics |
| 004.921 | Elements or objects in computer graphics |
| 004.922 | Coordinates in computer graphics Viewing transformation |
| 004.923 | Stereoscopic view |
| 004.924 | Input methods for graphics ⇨ 004.352.22 Graphics scanners ⇨ 004.354.4 Graphics tablets. Graphic pads. Digitizer tablets |
| 004.925 | Computer graphics techniques |
| 004.925.2 | Hidden line removal. Hidden surface removal ◇ 004.925.2.021 Hidden line algorithm |
| 004.925.3 | Shading Ray tracing |
| 004.925.4 | Texture mapping |
| 004.925.5 | Colour display |
| 004.925.6 | Painting |
| 004.925.8 | Geometric modelling |
| 004.925.82 | Wireframe modelling |
| 004.925.83 | Surface modelling |
| 004.925.84 | Solid modelling |
| 004.925.86 | Curve modelling |
| 004.928 | Animation |
| 004.93 | Pattern information processing |
| 004.93`1 | Pattern recognition. Pattern matching |
| 004.93`11 | Pattern space Feature space. Distance |
| 004.93`12 | Pattern discrimination |
| 004.93`14 | Clustering in patterns |
| 004.932 | Image processing |
004.932.1 | Image sampling |
| 004.932.2 | Image analysis |
| 004.932.4 | Image editing Image filtering. Image enhancement. Anti-aliasing |
| 004.932.7 | Image types |
| 004.932.72 | Objects in images ◇ 004.932.72`1 Object recognition |
| 004.932.75 | Characters as images ◇ 004.932.75`1 Character recognition |
| 004.934 | Speech information processing |
| 004.934.1 | Words in speech ◇ 004.934.1`1 Word recognition |
| 004.934.2 | Speech analysis |
| 004.934.8 | Speakers ◇ 004.934.8`1 Speaker recognition |
| 004.94 | Simulation ⇨ 004.358 Peripherals for simulation and virtual reality ⇨ 004.383.4 Simulators |
| 004.942 | Simulation using mathematical models Scope Note: Class here computing aspects ⇨ 519.876.5 Numerical imitation of systems. Simulation |
| 004.946 | Virtual reality (VR) Scope Note: Class here modelling of a computer-generated environment simulating reality through interaction with an artificial three-dimensional visual or other sensory environment using interactive devices: goggles, headsets, gloves, or body suits. For Internet virtual worlds see 004.946.5 Application Note: Details on application of VR technology in entertainment, medicine, biotechnology, engineering, design, or marketing, by colon combination |
| 004.946.5 | Virtual worlds Virtual worlds on the Internet Scope Note: Class here technological, programming, design aspects of virtual worlds |
| 004.96 | Video game design ◇ 004.96:004.382.742 Game design for smartphones. Game apps design ◇ 004.96:004.42 Game programming ⇨ 795 Electronic games |
| 005 | Management ⇨ 37.091 Organization of educational establishments |
| 005.1 | Management theory |
| 005.11 | Schools of thought Agency theory |
| 005.12 | Principles. Basis |
| 005.13 | Causes. Drivers |
| 005.2 | Management agents. Mechanisms. Measures |
| 005.21 | Strategies ⇨ 005.52 Analysis. Definition |
| 005.212 | Visions |
| 005.213 | Missions ◇ 005.213(047.3) Mission statements |
| 005.214 | Goals. Aims |
| 005.216 | Objectives. Targets |
| 005.216.1 | Performance indicators ⇨ 005.332.1 Performance ⇨ 005.962.13 Performance management |
| 005.216.3 | SMART |
| 005.218 | Deliverables |
| 005.22 | Methods. Techniques. Approaches |
| 005.24 | Rights |
| 005.25 | Responsibilities. Functions. Obligations. Roles |
| 005.254 | Duties. Tasks |
| 005.3 | Management activities |
| 005.31 | Operational research (OR) Scope Note: Class here operational research as a management subject in general. For operational research as methods in social sciences see 303. For the application of particular mathematical theories and methods in operational research, combine with 519.8 ◇ 005.31:519.71 Application of system theory, control theory in operational research ◇ 005.31:519.813 Games of chance. Experimental games in operational research ◇ 005.31:519.814 Theory of statistical solutions ◇ 005.31:519.816 Decision theory. Theory of decision making in operational research ◇ 005.31:519.83 Application of game theory in operational research ⇨ 303.7 Analysis procedures ⇨ 519.8 Operational research (OR): mathematical theories and methods |
| 005.311 | Data collection Surveys |
| 005.311.1 | Types and techniques of operational research |
| 005.311.11 | Qualitative operational research ◇ 005.311.11:303.62 Use of questionnaires |
| 005.311.12 | Quantitative operational research ◇ 005.311.12:519.852 Use of linear programming techniques |
| 005.311.121 | Statistical techniques ⇨ 519.2 Probability. Mathematical statistics |
| 005.311.2 | Flow charts. Function diagrams (as subjects) ⇨ (084.21) Diagrams. Graphs ⇨ (084.29) Block diagrams (two-dimensional). Flow charts (flow-sheets) |
| 005.32 | Organizational behaviour. Management psychology ◇ 005.32:331.101.3 Motivation. Attitudes to work ◇ 005.32:331.101.32 Job satisfaction |
| 005.321 | Aspirations |
| 005.322 | Personal qualities ◇ 005.322:316.46 Leadership qualities |
| 005.33 | Management conditions. Factors |
| 005.331 | Human assets. Stakeholders |
| 005.332 | Forces ◇ 005.332:338.124.2 Recession as a factor in management |
| 005.332.1 | Performance ⇨ 005.216.1 Performance indicators ⇨ 005.962.13 Performance management |
| 005.332.2 | Trends ◇ 005.332.2:005.591.47 Downsizing as a trend in management |
| 005.332.3 | Change Variance. Breakpoints ◇ 005.332.3:005.13 Change drivers |
| 005.332.4 | Competition |
| 005.332.5 | Openness. Transparency. Confidentiality. Secrecy ⇨ 001.9 Dissemination of ideas |
| 005.332.6 | Demand |
| 005.332.7 | Events. Incidents. Occurrences. Happenings |
| 005.332.8 | Results. Outcomes. Effects Impact. Output |
| 005.334 | Negative factors. Threats. Problems Risks. Disasters. Crises |
| 005.334.1 | Deficiencies. Faults. Incompetencies |
| 005.334.2 | Disputes. Disagreements. Conflicts |
| 005.334.3 | Criticisms. Complaints. Grievances. Claims |
| 005.334.4 | Losses. Wastage Insolvency |
| 005.336 | Positive factors. Opportunities. Advantages. Strengths. Progress |
| 005.336.1 | Efficiency |
| 005.336.2 | Competence ⇨ 3.076 Competence, sphere of authority. Duties. Powers |
| 005.336.3 | Quality |
| 005.336.4 | Intellectual capital. Expertise. Know-how |
| 005.336.5 | Skills ◇ 005.336.5:004 Computer skills. IT skills ◇ 005.336.5:005.57 Communication skills. Interpersonal skills ⇨ 316.77 Social communication. Sociology of communication |
| 005.336.6 | Goodwill. Reputation |
| 005.337 | Income. Incomings. Earnings. Returns. Revenue ⇨ 338.515 Profit |
| 005.337.1 | Bonuses. Allowances. Credit |
| 005.34 | Management styles. Management approaches |
| 005.341 | Conservative. Safe. Low-risk |
| 005.342 | Innovative. Risk-taking. Entrepreneurial |
| 005.343 | Competitive |
| 005.344 | Cooperative. Relationship based |
| 005.345 | Task-focused |
| 005.346 | Customer-focused. Market-driven |
| 005.35 | Social aspects of management. Social responsibility in management. Corporate responsibility |
| 005.4 | Processes in management |
| 005.41 | Developmental processes. Life-cycles |
| 005.411 | Start up. Foundation. Establishment. Inauguration |
| 005.412 | Growth. Rise. Development |
| 005.414 | Maturity |
| 005.415 | Decline |
| 005.416 | Dissolution. Closure. Liquidation |
| 005.418 | Renewal. Reconstruction |
| 005.42 | Interaction. Relations ◇ 005.42-024.61 Internal relations in the organization |
| 005.44 | Globalisation |
| 005.5 | Management operations. Direction |
| 005.51 | Planning |
| 005.511 | Business planning ◇ 005.511(083.92) Business plans |
| 005.52 | Analysis. Definition ◇ 005.52:005.33 Analysis of the situation. SWOT analysis ◇ 005.52:005.334 Risk analysis. Risk management ◇ 005.52:330.133.1 Value analysis. Utility value cost analysis ⇨ 303.7 Analysis procedures |
| 005.521 | Forecasting. Foresight. Scenario planning ◇ 005.521:334.7 Business forecasting |
| 005.523 | Critical success factors (CSFs) |
| 005.525 | Force field analysis |
| 005.53 | Decision making. Design. Specification |
| 005.54 | Implementation. Execution ◇ 005.54:005.31 Use of OR in implementation studies |
| 005.55 | Administration ⇨ 005.91 Administrative management. Secretariat |
| 005.551 | Organization. Arrangement Co-ordination. Formation. Teambuilding |
| 005.552 | Allocation. Assignment |
005.552.1 | Distribution. Supply |
| 005.552.2 | Demarcation. Division |
| 005.552.3 | Scheduling. Routeing. Queueing ⇨ 355.41 Logistics and field service generally |
| 005.56 | Collaboration. Cooperation. Participation |
| 005.562 | Deployment. Use. Delivery Processing. Progressing. Expediting |
| 005.57 | Communication Informing. Notification |
| 005.571 | Interviewing |
| 005.572 | Consultation. Advice |
| 005.573 | Discussion. Debate Brainstorming |
| 005.574 | Mediation. Conflict resolution Negotiation. Bargaining |
| 005.575 | Liaison Networking. Lobbying |
| 005.58 | Authority. Power |
| 005.581 | Compulsion |
| 005.582 | Intervention. Regulation. Manipulation |
| 005.582.1 | Approval. Authorization. Inclusion |
| 005.582.2 | Disapproval. Refusal. Exclusion |
| 005.583 | Empowerment. Delegation |
| 005.583.1 | Motivating |
| 005.583.3 | Assistance. Encouragement |
| 005.584 | Supervision ⇨ 005.935 Supervision of plant and production |
| 005.584.1 | Monitoring. Inspection. Checking |
| 005.584.2 | Discovery. Detection |
| 005.585 | Evaluation. Assessment |
| 005.59 | Problem solving. Troubleshooting. Following-up |
| 005.591 | Adjustment. Modification. Revision ◇ 005.591:005.21 Modification of strategies |
| 005.591.1 | Optimization. Improvement. Enhancement |
| 005.591.3 | Expansion Maximization. Extension |
| 005.591.4 | Reorganization. Restructuring. Redesign Conversion. Exchange. Transferral. Substitution. Relocation ◇ 005.591.4:005.58 Transfer of power ◇ 005.591.4:005.743 Departmentalization |
| 005.591.41 | Buy-out. Takeover |
| 005.591.43 | Contracting out. Subcontracting. Outsourcing Licensing. Franchising |
| 005.591.45 | Concentration. Division |
| 005.591.452 | Concentration Integration. Merger. Amalgamation. Syndication. Partnership |
| 005.591.454 | Division Demerger. Dissolution of cartel |
| 005.591.46 | Centralization. Decentralization |
| 005.591.47 | Contraction. Downsizing |
| 005.591.5 | Specialization. Focusing |
| 005.591.6 | Modernization. Automation. Innovation |
| 005.591.61 | Diversification. Experimentation |
| 005.6 | Quality management. Total quality management (TQM) |
| 005.61 | Productivity |
| 005.62 | Continuous improvement |
| 005.63 | Best values |
| 005.64 | Teamwork ⇨ 005.961 Work |
| 005.642 | Group decision making |
| 005.642.1 | Benchmarking |
| 005.642.2 | Statistical process control |
| 005.642.3 | ‘Cost of quality’ measurement |
| 005.642.4 | Process analysis Pareto charts. Fish bone cause-and-effect diagrams. Control charts |
| 005.642.5 | Work study and analysis Method study. Simplification of work. Time-and-motion study. Quantification and rating of work ⇨ 331.101.3 Attitude to work. Work motivation. Work morale. Work incentives ⇨ 331.103.3 Work study. Time and motion study. Work measurement |
| 005.642.6 | Activity sampling. Ratio delay study Predetermined motion-time (PMT) systems. Methods-time measurement (MTM). Work factor ⇨ 331.103.3 Work study. Time and motion study. Work measurement |
| 005.642.8 | Standard and allowed time and their determination Waiting time. Delay. Lost, unproductive, idle time ⇨ 331.103.28 Work pace |
| 005.65 | Just-in-time management |
| 005.66 | Reward systems ⇨ 005.88 Rewards. Incentives |
| 005.662 | Recognition systems |
| 005.664 | Monetary reward systems |
| 005.7 | Organizational management (OM) ◇ 005.7:334.722.24 Organizational management in family-owned companies ◇ 005.7(084.2) Organization diagrams, graphs, charts |
| 005.71 | Organizational types. Organizations. Bodies ◇ 005.71-021.131 Virtual organizations ◇ 005.71-022.5 Size of a firm ◇ 005.71-022.57:005.21 Strategic planning in very large organizations |
| 005.72 | Organizational structures ◇ 005.72:005.591.46 Decentralized structures ◇ 005.72:005.74 Organizational systems ◇ 005.72:334.7 Federations, alliances of organizations |
| 005.721 | Rigid organizational structures |
| 005.722 | Flexible organizational structures |
| 005.724 | Flat management |
| 005.725 | Pyramidal management |
| 005.73 | Organizational culture |
| 005.731 | Bureaucracy |
| 005.732 | Hierarchical organizational culture |
| 005.733 | Power-based culture |
| 005.734 | Role-based culture |
| 005.74 | Systems. Arrangements |
| 005.742 | Organs. Executive bodies Boards. Committees ◇ 005.742:005.591.45 Committees for cooperation. Joint committees ◇ 005.742:005.72 Corporate control ◇ 005.742-057.162 Executive officers. Executives ◇ 005.742-057.162:005.25 Responsibilities of executives ◇ 005.742-057.177.1 Board chairmen |
| 005.743 | Organizational divisions Teams. Units. Departments ◇ 005.743:005.334.3 Customers’ complaints department ◇ 005.743-027.512 Specialized units. Including: Working groups. Technical committees |
| 005.745 | Meetings. Congresses. Symposiums. Conferences ◇ 005.745:005.55 Conduct of meetings ◇ 005.745:81`253 Interpreting (oral translation) at meetings. Including: Simultaneous, consecutive interpreting at meetings ◇ 005.745(062.533) Agendas for meetings ◇ 005.745-021.372 Extraordinary meetings |
| 005.8 | Project management ◇ 005.8:005.574 Negotiation tactics |
| 005.81 | Sequences. Flow |
| 005.82 | Network techniques. Network diagrams. Gantt charts |
| 005.821 | Activity-on-arrow systems ADM (arrow diagrams). CPM (critical path analysis). PERT (Programme Evaluation and Review Technique) |
| 005.823 | Activity-on-node networks Precedence diagrams (PDM). Roy method, or method of potentials (MOM or MPM) |
| 005.828 | Milestones |
| 005.83 | Procedures. Processes |
| 005.84 | Formalities |
| 005.85 | Restrictions. Controls |
| 005.86 | Directions |
| 005.87 | Deliverables |
| 005.88 | Rewards. Incentives ⇨ 005.66 Reward systems |
| 005.89 | Penalties |
| 005.9 | Fields of management |
| 005.91 | Administrative management. Secretariat |
| 005.911 | Levels of management ◇ 005.911-057.175 Middle management |
| 005.912 | Office management. Office services ◇ 005.912:004.773.2 Office bulletin boards ◇ 005.912:656.8-024.61 Internal mail services ◇ 005.912:656.874 Use of courier services ◇ 005.912:81`25 Office translating service ◇ 005.912-051 Office staff in general ◇ 005.912-057.164 Assistants. Secretarial staff |
| 005.912.2 | Interface with the public Commissionaire service. Reception. Enquiries. Visits |
| 005.912.3 | Counter duty. Desk duty |
| 005.913 | Registries |
| 005.915 | Financial management |
| 005.92 | Records management ◇ 005.92:004.63 Records management of digital documents, files. Management of electronic records ⇨ 004.451.54 Record manipulation ⇨ 02 Librarianship |
| 005.921 | Records management policy decisions |
| 005.921.1 | Retention. Discarding ◇ 005.921.1(083.81) Retention schedules ◇ 005.921.1″4″ Retention periods ◇ 005.921.1-022.324 Permanent retention of records. Archiving |
| 005.921.8 | Destruction Shredding ⇨ 686.865.24 Shredders |
| 005.922 | Records management procedures ◇ 005.922:005.311 Records surveys ◇ 005.922:025.25 Accessioning, serial numbering of records ◇ 005.922:025.4 Classification and indexing of records ◇ 005.922:025.6 Loan of records, documents |
| 005.922.1 | Security. Protection. Avoidance |
| 005.922.3 | Storage ◇ 005.922.3:684.455.6 Storage of records in plan cabinets. Shallow drawer filing ◇ 005.922.3-025.76 Lateral filing of records. Including: Roll-out filing |
| 005.922.5 | Preservation |
005.922.52 | Substitution as a method of record preservation ◇ 005.922.52:004.932 Digitization of images as a method of record preservation ◇ 005.922.52:778.14 Microfilming as a method of record preservation |
| 005.922.7 | Conservation |
| 005.922.72 | Renovation. Restoration. Repair |
| 005.923 | Agencies responsible for records |
| 005.923.1 | Records creation agencies ◇ 005.923.1:354.11 Ministry of Foreign Affairs as a record creating agency |
| 005.923.2 | Records storage agencies ⇨ 930.253 Archive repositories and their contents |
| 005.923.21 | Records centres |
| 005.93 | Plant management. Physical resources management |
| 005.931 | Physical conditions. Physical environment |
| 005.931.1 | Management of adverse conditions. Damage limitation |
| 005.931.11 | Emergencies. Disasters. Crises |
| 005.931.12 | Accidents |
| 005.931.13 | Breakdowns. Damage |
| 005.931.2 | Management of deficiencies, shortages, lacks |
| 005.931.21 | Errors. Defects. Faults |
| 005.932 | Inventory management. Stock management. Resource management |
| 005.932.1 | Ordering. Commissioning |
| 005.932.2 | Acquisition. Purchase. Buying |
| 005.932.3 | Selection. Choice |
| 005.932.4 | Receipt. Collection |
| 005.932.5 | Payment. Spending |
| 005.932.6 | Dispatch |
| 005.933 | Setting up. Fixing |
| 005.933.1 | Assembly. Construction. Putting together. Installation |
| 005.933.2 | Disposition. Sorting |
| 005.934 | Security measures. Safety precautions |
| 005.934.1 | Oversight |
| 005.934.2 | Maintenance |
| 005.934.3 | Protection. Avoidance |
| 005.934.4 | Renovation. Restoration. Repair |
| 005.934.5 | Servicing |
| 005.935 | Supervision of plant and production |
| 005.935.1 | Observation |
| 005.935.2 | Investigation |
| 005.935.3 | Examination ⇨ 006.015.5 Quality |
| 005.935.31 | Checking |
| 005.935.32 | Sampling |
| 005.935.33 | Testing. Tests |
| 005.935.34 | Trials |
| 005.935.35 | Discovery. Detection |
| 005.935.38 | Decommissioning. Dismantling |
| 005.936 | Physical assets. Property. Facilities |
| 005.936.1 | Land |
| 005.936.2 | Buildings. Sites ◇ 005.936.2:69.05 Site layouts |
| 005.936.21 | Offices |
| 005.936.22 | Headquarters. Head office |
| 005.936.23 | Subsidiary sites |
| 005.936.3 | Plant |
| 005.936.31 | Fixtures and fittings |
005.936.33 | Office equipment. Office machines ◇ 005.936.33:772.93 Electrographic office machines. Office copiers, duplicators |
| 005.936.4 | Stock. Inventory |
| 005.936.41 | Supplies. Raw materials |
| 005.936.42 | Work in progress. Semi-finished products |
| 005.936.43 | Products. Goods. Merchandise. Wares |
| 005.936.44 | By-products |
| 005.936.5 | Waste. Residue. Refuse. Scrap |
| 005.94 | Knowledge management ◇ 005.94:004.9 Automated knowledge management systems |
| 005.941 | Corporate know-how. Organizational know-how |
| 005.942 | Advisory services. Consultancy services ◇ 005.942:334.7 Business consultancy |
| 005.95/.96 | Personnel management. Human Resources management |
| 005.95 | Personnel management ◇ 005.95:005.55 Personnel administration. Including: Personnel files, records ◇ 005.95:005.92 Management of personnel records ◇ 005.95-051 Personnel managers ⇨ 331.5 Labour market. Employment |
| 005.951 | Posts. Positions ◇ 005.951:005.52 Job analysis ◇ 005.951:005.53 Job specification ◇ 005.951:005.585 Job evaluation |
| 005.952 | Workforce market ◇ 005.952:005.53 Person specification |
| 005.952.2 | Staff ratios |
| 005.953 | Recruitment ◇ 005.953:316.356.2 Nepotism in recruitment ◇ 005.953:331.5 Influence of the labour market on recruitment ◇ 005.953:364.614.8 Equal opportunities in recruitment |
| 005.953.2 | Selection Selection criteria. References. Curricula vitae ◇ 005.953.2:005.571 Assessment by interview ◇ 005.953.2:316.45 Group selection |
| 005.954 | Appointment of staff. Employment of staff ◇ 005.954:331.31 Hours of work. Including: Flexitime ◇ 005.954:349.22 Employment contracts |
| 005.954.2 | Probationary periods |
| 005.954.4 | Leave. Holiday entitlement |
| 005.954.6 | Compensation. Benefits Benefits in kind. Fringe benefits ◇ 005.954.6:336.77:365.262.1 Low-interest loans for home purchase ◇ 005.954.6:625.712.63 Parking facilities ◇ 005.954.6:656.03:336.773 Interest-free loans for travel, season tickets |
| 005.955 | Remuneration. Wages. Salaries ◇ 005.955″530*1″ Weekly wages ◇ 005.955-021.61 Basic pay |
| 005.956 | Job termination |
| 005.956.2 | Redundancy ◇ 005.956.2:347.447.84 Compensation. Redundancy payment ◇ 005.956.2-027.556 Voluntary redundancy |
| 005.956.4 | Resignation |
| 005.956.6 | Retirement |
| 005.958 | Problems with personnel |
| 005.958.2 | Negative attitudes to employment. Unsatisfactory attitudes to work |
| 005.958.4 | Absenteeism |
| 005.96 | Human resources management (HRM) |
| 005.961 | Work ◇ 005.961:005.336.1 Ergonomics ◇ 005.961:005.81 Work flow ⇨ 005.64 Teamwork |
| 005.962 | Staff ◇ 005.962:005.584 Staff supervision ◇ 005.962:364.634 Workplace harassment ⇨ -057.1 Persons according to work, employment, administrative status |
| 005.962.1 | Staff procedures |
| 005.962.11 | Time management |
| 005.962.13 | Performance management ◇ 005.962.13:005.332.1 Performance measures ⇨ 005.216.1 Performance indicators |
| 005.962.131 | Appraisal. Feedback |
| 005.962.15 | Staff discipline |
| 005.963 | Staff development |
| 005.963.1 | Training. Training courses |
| 005.963.2 | Mentoring |
| 005.963.3 | Visits, study trips |
| 005.963.5 | Workplace training |
| 005.966 | Careers. Career development |
| 005.966.1 | Job shadowing |
| 005.966.2 | Voluntary work |
| 005.966.3 | Job mobility |
| 005.966.32 | Secondments |
| 005.966.4 | Job flexibility |
| 005.966.42 | Job swaps |
| 005.966.44 | Job sharing |
| 005.966.5 | Promotion. Advancement |
| 006 | Standardization of products, operations, weights, measures and time Standards. Specifications. Codes of practice. Recommendations ⇨ (083) Technical and normative documents. Tables. Lists, etc. ⇨ 658.516 Standardization within the firm. Variety reduction |
| 006.01 | Theory, principles, fundamentals, aims |
| 006.011 | General theory, principles of standardization |
| 006.012 | Specific bases and fundamentals of standardization Application Note: Details by special auxiliaries 006.02 ◇ 006.83.012.024 Legal bases for quality standardization |
| 006.013 | Investigation of the usefulness and expediency of standardization in particular subject fields ◇ 006.78.013 Need for dimensional standardization ⇨ 006.052 Investigation of the need for a standard |
| 006.015 | Aims of standardization and associated activities |
| 006.015.2 | Variety reduction. Simplification. Unification. Rationalization |
| 006.015.3 | Comparability. Interchangeability |
| 006.015.4 | Predictability. Repeatability Process validation |
| 006.015.5 | Quality Quality assurance ⇨ 004.415.5 Software quality assurance ⇨ 005.935.3 Examination |
| 006.015.7 | Reliability |
| 006.015.8 | Safety |
| 006.02 | Special aspects of standardization and standards |
| 006.022 | Technical aspects |
| 006.024 | Legal aspects |
| 006.025 | Economic aspects |
| 006.027 | Organizational and management aspects |
| 006.03 | Authority and competence of standardizing body Application Note: Details by common auxiliaries of place (Table 1e) and/or alphabetical extension (Table 1h) |
| 006.032 | World-wide ◇ 006.032ISO International Organization for Standardization |
| 006.033 | Regional. Multinational |
| 006.034 | National. State ◇ 006.034(410) British Standards Institution |
| 006.036 | Special subject field |
| 006.037 | Specific firm, concern |
| 006.039 | Other authorities |
| 006.05 | Creation of standards. Stages of standardization work |
| 006.052 | Investigation of the need for a standard Establishment of programme, plan ⇨ 006.013 Investigation of the usefulness and expediency of standardization in particular subject fields |
| 006.053 | Preparation, drafting of standards Technical-economic analysis |
| 006.054 | Evaluation of comments. Modification of draft standards |
| 006.055 | Approval of modified standards for publication |
| 006.056 | Publication as standards |
| 006.057 | Revision of published standards Modification. Amendment. Conversion ⇨ 006.067 Maintenance and revision |
| 006.058 | Adoption of standards prepared by other bodies |
| 006.06 | Methods of introduction of standards |
| 006.062 | Propagation, promulgation of standardization and standards By instruction and publicity, use of mass media, legal, administrative, other means Scope Note: For referral services, use colon combination of 659.2 and 006 ◇ 006.062:659.131 Propagation of standards by advertising in newspapers, magazines, etc. |
| 006.063 | Certification and marking of products for conformity to standards ⇨ 347.772 Trade marks: registration, control ⇨ 658.782 Sorting and marking of stock |
| 006.065 | Application of standardization. Use of standards |
| 006.065.2 | Voluntary application |
| 006.065.3 | Application without legal obligation or enforcement For efficiency |
| 006.065.5 | Obligatory, mandatory application within certain fields of activity In official trade. In public authorities |
| 006.065.6 | Obligatory, mandatory application in all fields of activity |
| 006.067 | Maintenance and revision Supervising conformity with, and level of, standards. Control and review of validity of older standards. Revision proposals ⇨ 006.057 Revision of published standards |
| 006.07 | Effects, influences of standards and standardization |
| 006.072 | Effects on the manufacturer |
| 006.073 | Effects on trade |
| 006.074 | Effects on the consumer |
| 006.077 | Effects on the legislator |
| 006.078 | Effects on national and local authorities |
| 006.1 | Activity of standardization in general |
| 006.3/.8 | Standards ⇨ (083.74) Standards |
| 006.3 | Standards in general. Standards according to their nature and validity National, international standards |
| 006.32 | Standards issued by world-wide organizations for regional organizations and national institutions. Standards issued by regional organizations for national institutions |
| 006.322 | Standards issued by world-wide organizations for regional and national institutions ◇ 006.322(100)ISO ISO recommendations |
| 006.323 | Standards issued by regional organizations for national institutions ◇ 006.323(4)CEN European standards, CEN unification documents |
| 006.35 | Standards (in the strict sense) ◇ 006.35(100)ISO International Standards Organization (ISO standards) ◇ 006.35(410)BS British Standards Institute (British standards) ◇ 006.35(430)DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung (German standards) ◇ 006.35(460)UNE Normas nacionales técnicas españolas (Spanish standards) ◇ 006.35(47+57-672CIS)GOST Gosudarstvenny’j standardt – Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) |
| 006.352 | Standards without inherent legal force ◇ 006.352(430)DIN German (DIN) standards |
| 006.354 | Standards with legal force ◇ 006.354(470)GOST Standards of the Russian Federation. GOST – Gosudarstvenn’ij standard |
| 006.39 | Other kinds of standard according to their nature |
| 006.4 | Standards according to their status and scope |
| 006.42 | Fundamental standards Scope Note: Valid in the whole of the subject field covered by the standardizing body ◇ 006.42:003.62 Standards for symbols in general use |
| 006.44 | Standards in a special subject field Scope Note: Valid only in one field of activity of the standardizing body ◇ 006.44:621.3 Standards in electrical engineering ◇ 006.44:621.882.218 Standards for wing screws ◇ 006.44:625.112 Standards for determining the gauge of railway lines |
| 006.5 | Standards according to degree of standardization |
| 006.52 | Comprehensive standards Scope Note: Covering all aspects and possible formulations of an object or process |
| 006.55 | Partially comprehensive standards Scope Note: Covering only certain aspects and possible formulations of an object or process |
| 006.57 | Skeleton, abridged standards Scope Note: Giving only a framework, so that the relevant object or process may be used together with other objects and processes, e.g. standards for assembly dimensions in measuring apparatus |
| 006.7/.8 | Standards according to content |
| 006.72 | Communication standards For nomenclature, terminology, definitions, symbols, units, numerals, documentation, classification, drawing, bibliography, correspondence |
| 006.73 | Grading standards Scope Note: Criteria for evaluating various objects, commercial categories, etc. by quality ⇨ 006.83 Standards for quality |
| 006.74 | Type standards Scope Note: Standards for classing objects according to type, size, similar characteristics |
| 006.76 | Standards for planning Codes of practice for design and calculation. Regulations for design and construction |
| 006.77 | Standards for design and construction Scope Note: Laying down details of construction, design of an object and of its parts |
| 006.78 | Dimensional standards Scope Note: Standardization of dimensions of objects and of their parts |
| 006.82 | Standards for materials Scope Note: Standardization of physical, chemical, technological properties and composition of materials |
| 006.83 | Standards for quality Performance standards. Standards for reliability, durability of products ⇨ 006.73 Grading standards |
| 006.85 | Standards for processes, operations Standardization of work, manufacturing processes |
| 006.86 | Standards for testing Standardization of techniques of inspection and measurement |
| 006.87 | Standards for delivery and service Standardization of conditions of delivery, packing. Conditions of contract |
| 006.88 | Safety standards Standards for accident prevention, e.g. standards for protection against ionizing radiation ⇨ 614.8 Accidents. Risks. Hazards. Accident prevention. Personal protection. Safety |
| 006.89 | Standards with other contents |
| 006.9 | Standardization of weights, measures and time measurement |
| 006.91 | Metrology. Weights and measures in general Scope Note: General matters only ◇ 006.91:663.2 Measures for wine and wine production ⇨ 343.532 Misrepresentation, subreption of merchandise. False information on merchandise ⇨ 351.821 Supervision of weights and measures. Legal units. Legal standards. Trading standards ⇨ 531.7 Measurement of geometric and mechanical quantities: instruments, methods and units ⇨ 681.2 Instrument-making in general. Instrumentation. Measuring instruments and their manufacture. Balances. Weighing devices |
| 006.915 | Various systems of weights and measures |
| 006.915.1 | Metric systems ◇ 006.915.1SI Système Internationale |
| 006.915.2 | Systems of national origin ◇ 006.915.2(410) The imperial (British) system |
| 006.92 | Horology. Determination and standardization of time Apparent and mean time. Equation of time. Causes of inequality ⇨ 521.9 Astrometry. Spherical astronomy ⇨ 551.7.03 Geological timescales ⇨ 681.11 Horology. Watch and clock making |
| 006.922 | Intervals of time |
| 006.922.1 | Eras. Vaguely defined expanses of time Scope Note: For geological eras see 551.7 and “6” |
| 006.922.2 | Years Solar year. Lunar year. Planetary year |
| 006.922.3 | Shorter intervals Months. Weeks |
| 006.922.4 | Days Sidereal days. Solar days |
| 006.922.5 | Subdivisions of days Hours |
| 006.924 | Standard time. Time zones. Time signals ◇ 006.924(4-15) West European time ◇ 006.924(410) UK standard time ◇ 006.924(410)”322″ British Summer Time ⇨ “317” Conventional time indications |
| 006.924.2 | Standard time. Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) |
| 006.924.4 | Time signals |
| 006.95 | Chronology. The calendar Scope Note: Class here calendars as a subject. For calendars as documents, see (059) (Table 1d) ⇨ (059) Almanacs. Calendars (of all types) ⇨ 2-564 Religious calendar. Religious year |
| 006.951 | Ancient calendars and those of specific religions and traditions Scope Note: Other than Christian ◇ 006.951(354) Babylonian calendar ◇ 006.951(=411.16) Jewish calendar |
| 006.954 | Western calendars. The Christian calendar |
| 006.954.1 | Primitive Christian calendars ◇ 006.954.1(=412.5) Coptic calendar |
| 006.954.2 | Julian calendar. Julian reform. Julian date |
| 006.954.3 | Gregorian calendar. Gregorian reform. Gregorian date |
| 006.954.4 | Ecclesiastical calendar. The Christian church calendar Determination of movable feasts and feast days. Easter cycle (Metonic cycle). Date of Easter ⇨ 27-564 Christian religious calendar. Church year |
006.955 | Calendar reform Modern proposals for reforming the calendar |
| 007 | Systems science and systems theory. Information and communication theory. Control theory (cybernetics) ⇨ 004 Computer Science and Technology. Computing. Data processing ⇨ 07 Media. Mass media. Mass communication. Media and communication studies ⇨ 316.77 Social communication. Sociology of communication ⇨ 519.7 Mathematical cybernetics ⇨ 62-5 Operation and control of machines and processes ⇨ 621.316.7 Regulation of electric apparatus in general. Regulators ⇨ 621.391 General questions of electrical communication engineering. Cybernetics. Information theory. Signal theory ⇨ 681.5 Automatic control technology. Smart technology |
| 007.2 | Variability, physical configuration and state. Transformation of state |
| 007.3 | Directives, programming and physical organization of variability |
| 007.5 | Self-acting systems ⇨ 681.51 Automatic control systems in general. Technical cybernetic features |
| 007.51 | With human operators as links |
| 007.52 | Systems without human operators Automata. Robots ⇨ -027.43 Automatic. Semi-automatic ⇨ 004.8 Artificial intelligence ⇨ 338.364 Automated production ⇨ 517.93 Special differential equations. Systems of analytic mechanics, automatic control, operators. Dynamic systems ⇨ 519.713 Automata ⇨ 62-52 Automatically operated or controlled machines and processes ⇨ 621.865.8 Handlers. Industrial robots |
| 008 | Civilization. Culture. Progress ⇨ 17.023.36 Perfection. Progress. Culture, civilization |
01 | Bibliography and bibliographies. Catalogues ⇨ 002 Documentation. Books. Writings. Authorship ⇨ 025.3 Cataloguing. Cataloguing technique ⇨ 025.4 Classification and indexing ⇨ 930.255 Archive lists and catalogues |
| 011/016 | Bibliographies Scope Note: Ideal lists of documents, not confined to an actual collection |
| 011 | Universal and general bibliographies Scope Note: Not limited to a specific author, country of origin, subject or format |
| 012 | Author bibliographies. Individual bibliographies Scope Note: Bibliographies of editions of, or writings about, the works of a particular author, or particular anonymous works. Bibliographies of works published by a particular organization |
| 013 | Collective bibliographies Scope Note: Bibliographies of works of a particular class of writer Application Note: Details by colon combination and/or common auxiliaries ◇ 013:32(430) Bibliographies of German politicians ◇ 013:53″18″ Bibliographies of 19th century physicists ◇ 013(492)-055.2 Bibliographies of Dutch female writers ◇ 013(492.83) Bibliographies of writers from Utrecht ◇ 013(=222.5) Bibliographies of Kurdish writers |
| 014 | Bibliographies of works of particular characteristics |
| 014.1 | Bibliographies of anonymous and pseudonymous works |
014.3 | Contents bibliographies Abstracts. Lists of works appearing in serials or polygraphies. Contents lists and indexes of all kinds |
| 014.5 | Concordances Analytical indexes to individual authors or works |
| 015 | Bibliographies of place National bibliographies. Local and regional bibliographies ◇ 015(410) Bibliographies of works published in the UK, e.g. British National Bibliography |
| 016 | Special subject bibliographies ◇ 016:011 Bibliographies of general bibliographies ◇ 016:087.5 Bibliographies of publications for children ◇ 016:34(05) Bibliographies of law journals ◇ 016:929 Biobibliographies |
| 017/019 | Catalogues Inventories of actual collections. Library catalogues. Publishers’, booksellers’ lists, etc. ⇨ 025.3 Cataloguing. Cataloguing technique |
| 017 | Catalogues in general. Subject catalogues Classified or systematic catalogues. Alphabetic subject catalogues |
| 017.09 | Kinds of catalogue within an individual library |
| 017.091 | Location indexes. Shelf lists |
| 017.092 | Accessions catalogues |
| 017.099 | Other kinds of catalogue, arranged for the particular needs of individual libraries |
| 017.1 | Catalogues of non-private libraries Catalogues of public libraries (municipal libraries), national libraries, provincial libraries, libraries of public bodies, associations, corporations, universities, learned societies |
| 017.11 | Union, central, joint subject catalogues Repertories. Catalogues of the holdings of more than one library |
| 017.2 | Catalogues of private libraries |
| 017.3/.4 | Commercial, trade catalogues of publishers, booksellers |
| 017.3 | Auction catalogues. Catalogues of book sales |
| 017.4 | Commercial, trade catalogues Publishers’, printers’, distributors’, booksellers’ catalogues |
| 017.41 | Collective trade catalogues Catalogues of distributors, booksellers, etc. (not confined to a single printer or publisher) |
| 017.42 | Trade catalogues of individual presses, printers, publishers |
| 017.43 | Catalogues of book bargains Second-hand, antiquarian book catalogues |
| 018 | Name catalogues Author catalogues. Alphabetic catalogues of persons and places. Catchword catalogues 018.09 ≅ 017.09 |
| 018.1 | Name catalogues of non-private libraries Scope Note: For scope of ‘non-private’ see 017.1 |
| 018.11 | Union name catalogues |
| 018.2 | Name catalogues of private libraries |
| 018.3 | Auction name catalogues. Name catalogues of book sales |
| 018.4 | Commercial, trade alphabetic catalogues Name catalogues of publishers, printers, distributors, booksellers |
| 019 | Dictionary catalogues 019.09 ≅ 017.09 Scope Note: Class here catalogues incorporating author, title, catchword, alphabetic subject entries, etc. in a single sequence |
| 019.1 | Dictionary catalogues of non-private libraries Scope Note: For scope of ‘non-private’ see 017.1 |
| 019.11 | Dictionary union catalogues |
| 019.2 | Dictionary catalogues of private libraries |
| 019.3 | Auction dictionary catalogues. Dictionary catalogues of book sales |
| 019.4 | Commercial, trade dictionary catalogues Publishers’, printers’, distributors’, booksellers’ dictionary catalogues |
| 019.6 | Union catalogues in general. Repertories ⇨ 017.11 Union, central, joint subject catalogues ⇨ 018.11 Union name catalogues ⇨ 019.11 Dictionary union catalogues |
| 019.9 | Bibliographies and catalogues according to their own characteristics as publications Scope Note: Alternative classification |
| 019.91 | According to frequency of publication |
| 019.911 | Periodic bibliographies Bibliographies in periodical form: daily, weekly, monthly, yearly, etc., in which new works are listed as they appear. Current awareness lists |
| 019.912 | Nonperiodic bibliographies. Once-and-for-all bibliographies |
| 019.92 | According to degree of coverage |
019.921 | Exhaustive, comprehensive bibliographies and catalogues |
| 019.922 | Selective, partial bibliographies and catalogues |
| 019.93 | According to degree of bibliographic detail |
| 019.931 | Complete bibliographies and catalogues Scope Note: With full bibliographic details |
| 019.932 | Concise bibliographies and catalogues Scope Note: With abbreviated or summarized entries |
| 019.94 | According to analytical or critical character |
| 019.941 | Critical bibliographies and catalogues Collections of reviews, abstracts |
| 019.942 | Noncritical bibliographies and catalogues Title lists |
| 019.95 | According to format, style of publication |
| 019.951 | Separately published bibliographies and catalogues in volume form |
| 019.952 | Bibliographies and catalogues in periodicals, serials |
| 019.954 | Card bibliographies and catalogues Catalogue cards in books (‘prenatal’ cataloguing) |
019.96 | According to arrangement of entries |
| 019.962 | In alphabetic order of author’s name |
| 019.963 | In subject order, alphabetic or systematic (classified) |
| 019.964 | In alphabetic order of title |
| 019.965 | Combinations of the above arrangements. Mixed entries |
02 | Librarianship ⇨ 002 Documentation. Books. Writings. Authorship ⇨ 01 Bibliography and bibliographies. Catalogues ⇨ 37.091.322.7 Study skills. Comprehension and retention of matter learnt. Note-taking. Memoranda. Mnemonic techniques |
021 | Function, value, utility, creation, development of libraries |
021.1 | Function. Purpose. Utility (in general) |
021.2 | Educational function of libraries ⇨ 027.6 Libraries for special classes of user ⇨ 027.7 Libraries of institutions of higher education ⇨ 027.8 Libraries of institutions of primary and secondary education ⇨ 331.348 Recreational and educational facilities |
021.3 | Relation of libraries to educational institutions To schools, young people. Children’s sections. Juvenile libraries ⇨ 027.6 Libraries for special classes of user ⇨ 027.7 Libraries of institutions of higher education ⇨ 027.8 Libraries of institutions of primary and secondary education |
021.4 | Accessory services. Specialized functions Extension work. Lectures. Talks. Discussions. Exhibitions |
021.6 | Library expansion. Grouping. Cooperation |
021.61 | Storage areas. Book stores, depositories, repositories |
021.62 | Branch libraries. Regional branches |
021.63 | Centralization. Structure of library systems |
021.64 | Interlibrary cooperation |
021.65 | Mobile libraries. Travelling libraries |
021.7 | Library publicity, propaganda In the press. By talks. Via schools, societies. Leaflets |
021.8 | Relations between libraries and public authorities |
021.84 | Free copies Compulsory remittance of publications. Legal deposit. Copyright deposit |
021.85 | Exchange of publications |
021.89 | Library legislation |
021.9 | Finance, funds Subscriptions, gifts, grants, rates |
022 | Library site, building, premises. Equipment ⇨ 727 Buildings for educational, scientific, cultural purposes |
022.1 | Situation. Site. Location. Accessibility |
022.2 | Building materials. Protection of building |
022.3 | Planning, utilization of space Layout, plan. Number of rooms |
022.4 | Organization of book storage Accommodation of stock. Shelving ⇨ 025.8 Handling, treatment, shelving of books |
022.42 | Shelving for public access Scope Note: In the reading room, etc. |
022.43 | Storage, closed access. Stacks |
022.44 | Open cases |
022.47 | Closed cases |
022.48 | Special-purpose cases, shelves Hanging shelves. Map cases. Rolling presses |
022.5 | Reading rooms. Study. Workrooms |
022.6 | Administrative and other areas Accommodation for various services. Special collection rooms. Lecture, conference rooms |
022.7 | Lighting ⇨ 628.9 Lighting. Illumination engineering |
022.8 | Heating. Ventilation ⇨ 628.8 Indoor climate. Air conditioning. Heating. Ventilating ⇨ 697 Heating, ventilation and air conditioning of buildings |
022.9 | Furniture. Fixtures. Fittings Steps, trolleys. Lifts ⇨ 684.4 Furniture. Furniture design and manufacture |
023 | Library administration. Staff. Personnel Application Note: Details by common auxiliaries of persons (Table 1k, -05) |
023.1 | Library statutes, rules, regulations, charters, byelaws |
023.2 | Appointment, tenure of officers. Conditions of appointment |
023.3 | Administrative councils Library committees. Boards of trustees, of governors, of directors. Appointment. Functions |
023.4 | Executives: duties, responsibility, vocation. Profession of librarian Chief, head librarian, keeper |
023.5 | Staff: functions, qualifications, seniority Sublibrarians, deputies. Specialist, departmental librarians, librarians-in-charge. Cataloguers, stock editors. Assistant librarians. Library assistants, clerks, counter assistants. Messengers Application Note: Details by special auxiliaries 3.08, from 3.07/.08 ◇ 023.5.087.41 Salaries of library staff |
024 | Relations with the public. Regulations for library use |
024.01 | Prescribed uses of the library. Rules and regulations in general |
024.1 | Conditions of admission Qualifications of users, readers, borrowers. Enrolment, registration |
024.2 | Charges, fees. Rented use. Free use |
024.3 | Hours, times of opening |
024.4 | Periods of closing Sundays, festivals, holidays. Stock checking periods |
024.5 | Reference use Use, consulting within the library ⇨ 025.5 Reference work ⇨ 027.081 Reference service |
024.6 | Home use Loan for use outside the library. Loan period. Overdues. Fines. Reservations ⇨ 025.6 Loans ⇨ 027.082 Loan service |
024.7 | Special privileges. Exemptions from regulations |
024.8 | Abuses Damage to stock. Defacement, destruction, loss, theft (by users) ◇ 024.8:62-759.8 Theft-prevention, security devices. Including: Tattling (affixing sensitive strips to books, to activate alarm if they are unauthorisedly removed) ⇨ 025.85 Care, preservation of books |
025 | Administrative departments of libraries |
025.1 | Executive. General supervision |
025.11 | Finances Budget. Bookkeeping. Accounts Application Note: Details by colon combination with the subdivision of 657 ⇨ 657 Accountancy |
025.12 | Printing and publications Library reports |
025.13 | Document reproduction and selection |
025.133 | Reproduction. Duplication |
025.135 | Selection. Sorting |
025.15 | Correspondence |
025.17 | Treatment of special materials |
025.171 | Manuscripts. Archives. Rarities ⇨ 930.25 Archivistics. Archives (including public and other records) |
025.172 | Pamphlets |
025.173 | Serials. Official publications |
025.174 | Broadsides, broadsheets. Bills, handbills |
025.175 | Cuttings, clippings |
025.176 | Maps. Charts |
025.177 | Art material. Audiovisual materials and services Engravings. Photographs. Drawings. Slides. Illustrations. Media resources |
025.178 | Music Scores. Rolls |
025.2 | Acquisition and accessioning |
025.21 | Selection of material |
025.22 | Acquisition of stock Purchase. Exchange |
025.24 | Receipt and treatment of material on arrival Collation |
025.25 | Processing of new stock Accessioning. Accessions registers |
025.26 | Duplicate and exchange departments Sale or exchange of surplus copies |
025.267 | Clearinghouses for duplicates |
025.3/.6 | Departments concerned with exploitation, utilization of the literature |
025.3 | Cataloguing. Cataloguing technique |
025.31 | Cataloguing rules in general General instructions. Cataloguing codes |
025.32 | Principles of cataloguing. Entries |
025.321 | Style of cataloguing Compilation of entries and references |
025.321.3 | Arrangement of entry Conventional layout of information |
025.321.4 | Full bibliographic entries |
025.321.5 | Short-title, abbreviated entries |
025.321.7 | Cataloguer’s interpolations Completion of doubtful or incomplete items. Indication of mistakes in title. Use of square brackets and other methods |
| 025.321.8 | Added entries. References |
025.322 | Analytical entries (with bibliographic details) |
| 025.323 | Heading. Entry word |
025.324 | Title. Description |
| 025.326 | Edition Editor. Compiler |
025.327 | Imprint Printer. Publisher. Place. Date |
| 025.328 | Notes. Annotations |
025.329 | Filing Filing rules. Incorporation, withdrawal of entries |
| 025.33 | Collation Cataloguing of parts of a work. Recording of format, pagination, chapters |
025.34 | Method of arrangement of catalogues. Rules for compilation |
| 025.341 | Catalogues in order of accession or location |
025.341.1 | Accessions catalogues |
| 025.341.2 | Shelf lists |
025.342 | Author catalogues. Author entry |
| 025.343 | Subject catalogues |
025.343.1 | Alphabetical subject catalogues |
| 025.343.2 | Classified, systematic catalogues |
025.343.3 | In combined alphabetical and systematic order. Alphabetico-classed catalogues |
025.344 | Title catalogues Alphabetical catalogues of the significant terms from titles, catchword catalogues |
025.345 | Combined catalogues Combinations of the above forms. Dictionary catalogues |
| 025.346 | Catalogues of additions. Additions lists |
025.347 | Alphabetic indexes Of persons, subjects, places |
| 025.348 | Indexes arranged in numerical order |
025.35 | Catalogues according to form |
| 025.352 | Printed catalogues |
025.354 | Card catalogues |
| 025.355 | Online public access catalogue (OPAC) ◇ 025.355:004.5 OPAC interface ◇ 025.355:025.4.03 Searching and retrieval techniques in OPACs ◇ 025.355:077 Internet and Web OPACs |
025.357 | Supplements to the catalogue. Accessions bulletins |
| 025.4 | Classification and indexing Indexing and retrieval languages. Classifications, thesauruses, etc. and their construction ⇨ 001.82 Study of organization ⇨ 168.2 Division. Analysis. Classification |
025.4.01 | Classification principles and procedure Characteristics of division. Facets. Citation order. Filing order. Notation |
| 025.4.02 | Practical application, uses of classification Shelf arrangement. Catalogue arrangement. Bibliographic use |
025.4.03 | Searching and retrieval techniques |
| 025.4.032 | Manual search and retrieval |
025.4.034 | Mechanical sorting With punched card equipment |
| 025.4.036 | Computer-aided search and retrieval |
025.4.05 | Indexing and retrieval languages for the whole of knowledge Universal classifications. Universal thesauruses |
| 025.4.06 | Indexing and retrieval languages for special subjects Special classifications. Special thesauruses |
025.43 | Controlled term lists Thesauruses. Descriptor lists |
| 025.44/.47 | Classification systems |
025.44 | Classifications with mainly alphabetic notations ◇ 025.44BC Bibliographic Classification (Bliss) |
| 025.45/.46 | Classifications with mainly numeric notations |
025.45 | Decimal classifications ◇ 025.45DDC Dewey Decimal Classification ◇ 025.45UDC Universal Decimal Classification |
| 025.46 | Systems based on non-decimal or non-arabic numerals |
025.47 | Systems with mixed, alphanumeric notations ◇ 025.47CC Colon Classification (Ranganathan) |
| 025.48 | Thesaurus-classification combinations Thesaurofacet |
025.49 | Other indexing and retrieval languages |
| 025.5 | Reference work Reference collections. Information services. Advice to readers ⇨ 024.5 Reference use |
025.6 | Loans Loan records. Charging and issuing systems and equipment. Book cards (charging cards). Membership cards ◇ 025.6:021.64 Interlibrary loan ⇨ 024.6 Home use |
| 025.7/.9 | Preservation, protection of books |
025.7 | Binding, upkeep, repair of books |
| 025.8 | Handling, treatment, shelving of books Fixed and relative locations. Labelling, class-marking, shelf-marking ⇨ 022.4 Organization of book storage |
025.85 | Care, preservation of books Damage. Restoration. Cleaning. Protection ⇨ 024.8 Abuses |
| 025.855 | Destruction, dispersal of collections Deliberate destruction (of volumes not needed) |
025.9 | Administration of library buildings Maintenance. Cleaning. Removals |
| 026 | Special libraries ⇨ 002.6 Documentation centres |
026.06 | Libraries and collections of audiovisual documents |
| 026.062 | Sound-record libraries Gramophone records. Compact discs. Music tapes. Cassettes |
026.064 | Film libraries |
| 026.07 | Kinds of special library 026.07 ≅ 027 |
026.08 | Kind of service (reference, loan) |
| 027 | General libraries |
027.02 | Sphere of activity of general libraries |
| 027.021 | Learned, scholarly libraries. Research libraries |
027.022 | Public, popular general libraries |
| 027.08 | Kind of service |
027.081 | Reference service ⇨ 024.5 Reference use |
| 027.082 | Loan service ⇨ 024.6 Home use ⇨ 027.3 Public paying libraries |
027.1 | Private libraries |
| 027.2 | Proprietary, semiprivate libraries Libraries of learned societies, academies, clubs, associations, corporations, firms |
027.3 | Public paying libraries Subscription libraries. Circulating libraries ⇨ 027.082 Loan service |
| 027.4 | Free public libraries Scope Note: Established and supported by individuals or institutions |
027.5 | Public authority libraries |
| 027.52 | Local authority libraries Municipal library systems |
027.53 | Regional authority libraries Provincial library systems |
| 027.54 | Central authority libraries State, national, government libraries (supported by central government funds). Libraries of departments of state, ministries |
027.6 | Libraries for special classes of user Libraries for prisons, hospitals, factories, the disabled Application Note: Details by colon combination and/or common auxiliaries of persons (Table 1k, -05) ◇ 027.6:343.811 Prison libraries ◇ 027.6-056.262 Libraries for the blind (Braille libraries) |
| 027.62 | Libraries according to the age and sex of users |
027.625 | For children, juniors, juveniles, young people, adolescents. Library work with children ⇨ 021.3 Relation of libraries to educational institutions |
| 027.63 | Libraries for minority groups For foreigners, particular ethnic groups |
027.64 | Libraries for industrial, labouring, artisan groups. Workmen’s libraries |
| 027.7 | Libraries of institutions of higher education University libraries. College libraries. Polytechnic libraries |
027.8 | Libraries of institutions of primary and secondary education School libraries |
| 027.9 | Free reading rooms, newsrooms |
028 | Reading ◇ 028:061.2 Readings clubs |
| 028.01 | Taste, passion for reading ⇨ 090.1 Bibliophily. Bibliomania |
028.02 | Reading psychology Relationships between reader, author, book |
| 028.1 | Reading methods, technique. Behaviour with books Skimming. Browsing. Note-taking. Evaluation of reading matter |
028.2 | Choice of editions Criteria for selection of best edition: annotations, indexes, paper, type |
| 028.3 | Courses of reading. Prescribed books. Reading lists |
028.4 | Reading of various classes of literature Application Note: Details on specific genre of literature by colon combination with the subdivision of 82-1/-9 ◇ 028.4:82-3 Reading of fiction ⇨ 82-1/-9 Special auxiliary subdivision for literary forms and genres |
| 028.42 | Works in foreign language |
028.5 | Reading of young people. Children’s reading habits ⇨ 087.5 Publications for young people |
| 028.6 | Teaching the art of reading Lectures. Stimulus and guidance in schools ⇨ 159.946.4 Graphic expression. Reading ⇨ 37.014.22 Combating of illiteracy. Literacy campaigns ⇨ 37.016 Curriculum |
028.7 | Use of reference works |
| 028.8 | Advice to readers. Suggestions for reading |
| 030 | General reference works (as subject) Encyclopaedias, dictionaries, lexicons, glossaries Scope Note: Class here works about encyclopaedias and other general reference works. For reference works themselves, see (03). For works of science as a literary form, see 82-96 ⇨ 81`374 Lexicography. Compilation and organization of dictionaries |
050 | Serial publications. Periodicals 050.1/.4 ≅ 070.1/.4 Scope Note: Their function, business and editorial management |
| 050.8 | Yearbooks. Directories, address books Scope Note: Class here works about yearbooks, directories and address books. For yearbooks, etc. themselves see (058) |
| 050.9 | Almanacs. Calendars Scope Note: Class here works about almanacs and calendars. For almanacs and calendars themselves see (059) ⇨ 006.95 Chronology. The calendar |
06 | Organizations of a general nature Associations. Museums Application Note: Details by colon combination with the subject. Special auxiliaries 06.01/.05 are not applicable at 069 ⇨ 001.32 Learned, scientific societies. Academies ⇨ 005.71 Organizational types. Organizations. Bodies ⇨ 347.19 Legal persons, bodies corporate ⇨ 347.41 Legal commitments in general |
| 06.01/.05 | Special auxiliary subdivision for organizations and associations |
| 06.01 | Rights and obligations of members Voting rights. Subscriptions, contributions, dues, fees |
| 06.015 | Professional enrolment. Chartering. Registration |
| 06.02 | Financial commitments ⇨ 334 Forms of organization and cooperation in the economy ⇨ 336 Finance |
| 06.022 | Assets Movables. Immovables 06.022 ≅ 347.2/.5 Scope Note: For admission, resignation, exclusion (previously at this number) see -021.362 |
| 06.023 | Distribution of communal assets among members Scope Note: For kinds of membership (previously at this number) see -057.95 |
| 06.024 | Grants Scope Note: For grouping of members, including: specialist groups, local groups (previously at this number) see 316.35 |
| 06.03 | Benefits of membership Special rates and remissions for members |
| 06.05 | Awards. Honours. Prizes. Distribution of prizes, awards ◇ 06.05NOBEL:172.4 Nobel Peace Prize |
| 061 | Organizations and other types of cooperation Application Note: Details on persons in relation to organization, by common auxiliaries of persons (Table 1k, -05) ⇨ 001.32 Learned, scientific societies. Academies ⇨ 005.71 Organizational types. Organizations. Bodies ⇨ 347.19 Legal persons, bodies corporate ⇨ 347.471 Civil, private organizations |
| 06 | Governmental organizations and cooperation Government, state, national, international organizations ◇ 061.1EU European Union ⇨ (1-4) Units of highest (state) level. Nations. States. Confederations ⇨ (1-5) Dependent or semi-dependent territories ⇨ (1-6) States or groupings of states, regions, territories from various points of view ⇨ (100) Universal as to place. International. All countries in general ⇨ (4/9) Countries and places of the modern world ⇨ 341.217 Intergovernmental organizations |
| 061.2 | Nongovernmental organizations and cooperation Private organizations, societies, associations, movements, etc. ⇨ 001.32 Learned, scientific societies. Academies ⇨ 341.215.2 International unions. Nongovernmental international organizations |
| 061.23 | Organizations with humanitarian, philanthropic aims Rotary Application Note: Details by colon combination ◇ 061.23:792 Philanthropic organizations associated with the theatre and entertainment business |
| 061.25 | Secret or semi-secret organizations and movements Oddfellows. Elks |
| 061.251 | Freemasonry |
| 061.27 | Foundations. Endowments. Institutions ◇ 061.27FOR Ford Foundation ◇ 061.27GUL Gulbenkian Foundation ⇨ 001.32 Learned, scientific societies. Academies |
| 069 | Museums. Permanent exhibitions Application Note: Special auxiliaries 06.01/.05 are not applicable at 069 ◇ 069:5 Museums of the pure sciences ◇ 069:7 Museums of the arts. Art galleries ◇ 069:929 Biographical museums. Exhibitions about particular persons, homes of the famous, etc. ◇ 069(1-21) Municipal museums ◇ 069(1-4) National museums ◇ 069-027.551 Private museums ◇ 069-027.555 Public museums ⇨ (086.3) Specimens, objects as documents ⇨ 351.852 Supervision of collections ⇨ 628.973.4 Lighting of museums, galleries, etc. ⇨ 711.57 Intellectual, educational localities. Centres of learning. Localities centred on libraries, museums, galleries, schools, colleges, universities. Exhibition, exposition districts ⇨ 727 Buildings for educational, scientific, cultural purposes |
| 069.01 | Theory of museums Museography. Museology |
| 069.029 | Collections of living specimens ⇨ 57 Biological sciences in general ⇨ 58 Botany ⇨ 59 Zoology |
| 069.1 | Aims. Purpose. Utility Educational, instructive function of museums ⇨ 379.822 Cultural outings. Visits to museums, performances, etc. |
| 069.12 | Educational activities of museums in general Classes. Courses. Film and slide shows. Study groups. Guided tours. Lectures to parties of visitors |
| 069.15 | Extramural, outside activities Loan of exhibits. Travelling exhibitions (from permanent collections). Organized outings, excursions |
| 069.23 | Plans. Utilization of site Arrangement of buildings. Room for expansion. Layout of rooms |
| 069.27 | Special services |
| 069.271 | Technical services Workshops. Laboratories. Design studios. Warehouse, storage areas |
| 069.272 | Installations and services for the public Information points. Restaurants. Cafeterias. Sales counters |
| 069.29 | Interior decoration Evocative decor |
| 069.3 | Equipment of various kinds Fittings. Furniture ⇨ 645.4 Furniture and accessories |
| 069.4 | Procedures of arranging, setting up exhibits |
| 069.41 | Acquisition Purchases. Legacies |
| 069.42 | Treatment |
| 069.424 | Collection of specimens. Fieldwork ⇨ 57.082.11 Methods of acquisition |
| 069.426 | Accessioning Description. Registration. Inventories. Shelf and case lists |
| 069.427 | Numbering, labelling of exhibits |
| 069.44 | Conservation of exhibits ⇨ 57.082.5 Preparation and preservation of specimens for collections |
| 069.441 | Cleaning |
| 069.442 | Disinfection. Destruction of parasites |
| 069.444 | Repair, reconstruction in general |
| 069.445 | Mounting, display Casts. Models. Dioramas |
069.5 | Collections. Exhibits |
| 069.51 | Museum pieces Application Note: Details by colon combination (Table 1b) ◇ 069.51:64 Household items. Furniture ◇ 069.51:75 Paintings ◇ 069.51:903 Prehistoric remains |
| 069.53 | Technique of exhibiting |
| 069.532 | Selective or exhaustive presentation |
| 069.533 | Originals or reproductions |
| 069.535 | Neutral, nondecorative setting |
| 069.536 | Atmospheric setting or decor Use of colour, lighting, sound |
| 069.538 | Museum catalogues |
| 069.6 | Organization and management of museums |
| 069.61 | Administrative organization |
| 069.611 | Administration (in the strict sense) |
| 069.614 | Administrative organs |
| 069.62 | Regulations Visiting, access arrangements. Relations with the public. Admission. Hours of opening |
| 069.63 | Management. Office staff |
| 069.64 | Finances |
| 069.67 | Decentralization Branch museums. Annexes |
| 069.68 | Relations with other establishments. Cooperation between museums |
| 069.7 | Museum publications Scope Note: Class here museum publications as a subject. For publications themselves, combine the number for museum and common auxiliaries of form (Table 1d) ⇨ (083.82) Inventories and catalogues |
| 069.8 | Research in museums ⇨ 001.891 Scientific research |
| 069.9 | Temporary exhibitions Scope Note: Class permanent exhibitions with museums at 069. Note that trade fairs are sometimes called ‘exhibitions’ or ‘shows’; if the purpose is predominantly commercial, class with trade fairs at 339.174 ◇ 069.9(100) World fairs, expositions (expos) ◇ 069.9(100)”1851″(410.111) The Great Exhibition (London, 1851) |
07 | Media. Mass media. Mass communication. Media and communication studies Scope Note: For theory of communication see 007, for sociological aspects of communication see 316.28 and 316.454, for telecommunication and communication industry see 654 ⇨ 655.4 Publishing and bookselling in general |
| 070 | Newspapers (as subject). The Press. Journalism Scope Note: Class here works about newspapers: significance, ownership and control, business and editorial management. For newspapers themselves, see (054). For journalism as a literary form, see 82-92 ⇨ 050 Serial publications. Periodicals |
| 070.1 | Scope, theory, significance of the press. Relation to other professions |
| 070.11 | Standards. Ethics. Cultural, educational influence. Sense of responsibility |
| 070.12 | Endowed newspapers. Independence from public opinion, support |
| 070.13 | Freedom of the press Censorship. Invasion of privacy, its prevention. Protection of secrets, of national interest. Anarchic, seditious influence ⇨ 342.732 Freedom of the press ⇨ 351.751.5 Censorship. Imprimatur. Permission to publish |
| 070.133 | Legal restraints on journalists |
| 070.14 | Censorship in wartime ⇨ 355.244.1 Maintenance of morale, fighting spirit, will to win. Censorship. Propaganda |
| 070.15 | Subservience to sectional interests Political, commercial interests. Press as mouthpiece for pressure groups |
| 070.16 | Sensational, ‘yellow’ press False, slanted, partial news. News with emphasis on the lurid, shocking and scandalous |
| 070.18 | Newspapers from unknown presses and publishers Secret, subversive, ‘underground’ press. Anonymous pamphlets. Handbills ⇨ 098.1 Prohibited books |
| 070.19 | Other general questions Comparative scope, significance, influence of newspapers, periodicals, books |
| 070.2 | Ownership and control |
| 070.22 | Newspaper names, titles |
| 070.23 | Area of operation, circulation ◇ 070.23(1-22) Village newspapers |
| 070.26 | Syndicates. Syndication of copy |
| 070.3 | Business management ⇨ 005 Management ⇨ 331 Labour. Employment. Work. Labour economics. Organization of labour |
| 070.32 | Printing ⇨ 655.3 Printing operations and techniques. Presswork ⇨ 681.62 Graphic reproduction machines. Printing machines. Auxiliary machinery for printing |
| 070.325 | Frequency of issue |
| 070.327 | Time of issue |
| 070.328 | Size of edition. Number printed |
| 070.33 | Distribution Circulation. Sale. Subscription. House delivery. Newsagents. Newsvendors. Promotions. Circulation boosting |
| 070.36 | Advertising department Business pertaining to paper’s advertising columns, small-ads, etc. ⇨ 659.1 Publicity. Advertising |
| 070.39 | Foreign offices and agencies |
| 070.4 | Editorial management ⇨ 808.1 Authorship. Literary activity and technique ⇨ 808.2 Editing. Adapting and arranging copy for publication |
| 070.41 | General editorial practice. Editing rules Order of sections and articles. Style. Newspaper diction. Journalese |
| 070.42 | Staff. Other contributors. Their organization and duties |
| 070.421 | Editors. Subeditors |
| 070.422 | Staff writers Reporters. Columnists. Feature-writers. Journalists on contract |
| 070.423 | Occasional contributors Freelancers. Special correspondents. Syndicated copy |
| 070.43/.44 | Individual departments |
| 070.43 | Editorial departments |
| 070.431 | News News desk. Sources and channels of news |
| 070.431.2 | News agency services |
| 070.431.4 | Official news section Official announcements, communiqués |
| 070.431.5 | Foreign news desk |
| 070.431.6 | Home news desk |
| 070.432 | Editorials Leading articles, leaders |
| 070.433 | Local interests. Discussion of local affairs |
| 070.44 | Various other departments Application Note: Details by colon combination (Table 1b) ◇ 070.447:78 Music criticism |
| 070.443 | Financial news. Business news Reports on stocks, shares. Shipping news |
| 070.445 | Special interests Household, home features. Court, palace. Gardening. Women’s pages. Children’s sections. Games, puzzles |
| 070.446 | Recreation. Sport |
| 070.447 | Critical, review section Critiques. Discussions. Analyses |
| 070.448 | Literary and other artistic features Poetry. Fiction. Serials (serialized novels, etc.) |
| 070.449.7 | Readers’ queries. Questions answered. Information Advice column. Agony column |
| 070.449.8 | Illustrated, picture sections Cartoons. Comic strips |
| 070.45 | Voluntary contributions Correspondence. Letters to the editor |
| 070.46 | Announcement of public events |
| 070.47 | Special editions Sunday issues. Supplementary editions, extras |
| 070.48 | Special kinds of newspaper |
| 070.481 | Official journals, gazettes |
| 070.482 | Religious newspapers |
| 070.484 | Foreign-language newspapers Scope Note: For foreign-language communities. Papers in a language foreign to the country of publication |
| 070.485 | Advertisement papers ‘Advertisers’. Free, give-away newspapers containing mainly advertising |
| 070.486 | Professional, technical papers |
| 070.487 | Humorous, comic papers |
| 070.488 | Literary papers |
| 070.489 | Other special kinds |
| 075 | Broadcasting media. Radio and television (as communication media) Scope Note: Class here broadcasting in general sense and from the media and communication point of view. For technological aspect see 654.19 |
| 075.1 | Radio ⇨ 621.396 Radiocommunication apparatus and methods (radio) ⇨ 654.195.6 Radio sound broadcasting ⇨ 7.096 Sound radio presentation (e.g. of concerts, films, drama, opera) |
| 075.2 | Television. Television studies ⇨ 621.397.13 Television ⇨ 654.197 Television broadcasting ⇨ 7.097 Television presentation (e.g. of films, ballet, theatre) |
| 077 | Internet. Internet studies. Internet and Web science Scope Note: Class here internet and Web phenomena in general and the concept of “online” in a general sense. For technological aspects see 004.738.5 and 004.77 ◇ 077:316 Sociology of the internet |
| 077.2 | Surface Web. Visible Web. Indexable Web |
| 077.3 | Deep Web. Invisible Web Dark Web / hidden Web |
| 077.5 | Social Web studies. Social media phenomena ⇨ 004.774.1 Social web / participatory web |
08 | Polygraphies. Collective works ⇨ (08) Collected and polygraphic works. Forms. Lists. Illustrations. Business publications ⇨ 82-82 Polygraphies. Selections, extracts. Anthologies. Curiosa |
| 081 | Individual polygraphy Scope Note: Collected works of individual authors on various subjects |
| 082 | Collective polygraphy Scope Note: Collective works by several authors on various subjects |
| 082.1 | Publishers’ series, sets, libraries Trade series. Reprint series |
| 082.2 | Collections of miscellaneous works for particular purpose or marking an occasion (event) Commemorative volumes (Festschriften). Collections in honour of eminent scholars |
| 084 | Pictorial material Collections of illustrations, plans, maps 084 ≅ (084) ⇨ 096.1 Rare illustrated books |
| 086 | Documents of particular form Objects as documents 086 ≅ (086) |
| 087 | Documents of particular origin or destination |
| 087.2 | Publications for particular classes of reader ⇨ (0.05) Documents for particular kinds of user |
| 087.5 | Publications for young people Children’s, juvenile literature. Books for infants. Picture books. Story books ⇨ (0.05) Documents for particular kinds of user ⇨ 373.3 Primary school. Elementary level ⇨ 398.2 Stories. Narrations. Folk humour ⇨ 82-93 Literature for children. Juvenile literature |
| 087.6 | Popular writing. Colportage literature |
| 087.7 | Official and semiofficial publications on events of general interest |
| 088 | Miscellanies. Varia Collective works in different forms and on different subjects |
| 09 | Manuscripts. Rare and remarkable works Scope Note: Class here works about manuscripts and rare books. For documents themselves, see common auxiliaries of form (0.032) and (0.068) (Table 1d) ⇨ (0.032) Handwritten documents (autograph, holograph copies). Manuscripts. Pictorial documents (drawings, paintings) ⇨ (0.068) Rare documents. Unique documents. Sole extant copies. Unica |
| 090.1 | Bibliophily. Bibliomania Book collectors and collections ⇨ 028.01 Taste, passion for reading ⇨ 655.425 Antiquarian bookselling. Second-hand bookselling |
| 091 | Manuscripts ⇨ (0.032) Handwritten documents (autograph, holograph copies). Manuscripts. Pictorial documents (drawings, paintings) ⇨ 75.05 Applications of painting |
| 091.0 | Technical questions relating to manuscripts |
| 091.01 | Script. Writing of manuscripts ⇨ 003 Writing systems and scripts ⇨ 003.072 Palaeography ⇨ 930.2 Methodology of history. Ancillary historical sciences |
| 091.07 | Facsimiles Reproduction of manuscripts by chromolithography, photography and other processes ⇨ 655.2 Graphic reproduction processes. Production of printing surfaces. Typesetting, composing ⇨ 774 Photomechanical processes generally ⇨ 776 Photolithography. Photographic production of planographic plates |
| 091.1 | Form of manuscript |
| 091.11 | Tablets. Single leaves |
| 091.12 | Double, multiple leaves Diptychs. Triptychs. Polyptychs. Palm leaf books |
| 091.13 | Rolls. Volumina |
| 091.14 | Codices. Volumes. Books with folded leaves |
| 091.2 | Manuscripts according to writing surface On papyrus, parchment, paper ⇨ 003.51 Writing surfaces |
| 091.3 | Various kinds of manuscript |
| 091.31 | Manuscript decoration Manuscripts with miniatures. Illuminated manuscripts ⇨ 096 Books remarkable for their illustrations or for materials used ⇨ 75.05 Applications of painting |
| 091.33 | Palimpsests. Re-used manuscripts |
| 091.5 | Autographs. Autography Handwritten texts. Holographs. Signatures ⇨ 099.3 Works with autograph dedication |
| 091.6 | Printed works with manuscript notes by celebrated authors (other than the authors of the works) |
| 092 | Xylographic books Block books (books printed from carved wooden blocks) |
| 093 | Incunabula Scope Note: Works printed in Europe before 1500: originals; facsimiles of them; studies of them |
| 094 | Other precious, remarkable or rare printed works |
| 094.1 | Works of great rarity but later than incunabula Masterpieces of typography. Works from the celebrated great presses. Limited editions ⇨ 099.4 Works which have become rare through adventitious circumstances |
| 094.2 | Unique copies. Sole extant copies. Unica ⇨ (0.068) Rare documents. Unique documents. Sole extant copies. Unica |
| 094.3 | Fine editions De luxe editions. Collectors’, book-lovers’ editions ⇨ (0.027.6) De luxe editions. Fine editions. Collectors’, book-lovers’ editions |
| 094.4 | First editions. Editiones principes ⇨ (0.044) First (published) editions. Editiones principes |
| 094.5 | Less valuable old books |
| 095 | Books remarkable for their binding |
| 096 | Books remarkable for their illustrations or for materials used |
| 096.1 | Rare illustrated books ⇨ 084 Pictorial material |
| 096.2 | Books of precious materials On vellum, silk, bark. With silver, gold. With woven, carved, engraved text |
| 097 | Marks of ownership or origin Ex libris. Bookplates. Monograms, seals |
| 098 | Various kinds of work remarkable for intrinsic characteristics |
| 098.1 | Prohibited books Works condemned or banned by temporal or spiritual powers. Suppressed, censored works. Library ‘infernos’ (collections not considered suitable for open display). Clandestine, secret, underground literature ⇨ 070.18 Newspapers from unknown presses and publishers ⇨ 82-993 Licentious, salacious, titillating literature. Erotica. Pornography |
| 098.11 | Prohibited by religious authorities Index librorum prohibitorum ⇨ 27-428.4 Prohibitions in Christianity |
| 098.12 | Prohibited by civil authorities ⇨ 351.751.5 Censorship. Imprimatur. Permission to publish |
| 098.3 | Lost works. Imaginary, suppositious and projected works. Works announced but never published |
| 098.5 | Works with key Scope Note: With detailed correspondence to real persons, events. Romans à clef |
| 099 | Other kinds of work, remarkable for extrinsic characteristics. Curiosa |
| 099.1 | Works of exceptional format Outsize, giant, mammoth. Minute, dwarf, microscopic. Micrographic editions ⇨ (0.021) Documents according to scope and size |
| 099.2 | Works which have fetched high prices |
| 099.3 | Works with autograph dedication ⇨ 091.5 Autographs. Autography |
| 099.4 | Works which have become rare through adventitious circumstances Books not on the market. Out-of-print editions ⇨ 094.1 Works of great rarity but later than incunabula |
| 099.5 | Works of value because of their provenance Books formerly belonging to historic, royal, literary personages, great collections |