Statistics. Demography. Sociology

Statistics as a science. Statistical theory

⇨ 519.22   Statistical theory. Statistical models. Mathematical statistics in general

Fundamentals, bases of statistics

Statistical measures. Unit. Concept. Criterion

311.12

Statistical grouping

311.13

Statistical series. Classification   Qualitative, quantitative classification

Statistical mean. Averages. Weights. Ratio             

Index numbers

Distribution   Standard deviation. Marginal values, limits. Quartile, percentile

Correlation. Coefficient of correlation. Coefficient of variation

Statistical analysis of complex movement phenomena

Fluctuations: short, medium term

Trend: long term. Fundamental direction of a movement

Seasonal fluctuations. Periodic fluctuations

         Structural changes

Research technique. Preparation. Tabulation

Statistical research

Plan, programme, preparation of survey. Object, scope, location, duration   Draft plan of enumeration. Error prediction. Cost estimates

Execution of survey   Drafting, printing, distribution and collection of questionnaires. Individual and collective forms. Survey processes, organizations, agents (enumerators). Centralization. Decentralization

Kinds of research

Collection of primary statistical material

Representative methods   Sampling. Spot-checking

Inquiries. Evaluation

Single (one-off) and continuous investigations

Collection of secondary statistical material

Monographs. Other methods not strictly statistical

Verification of material. Reliability, accuracy. Errors: systematic, accidental. Sources of error

Formulae for accuracy, for correction

Tabulation. Compilation of tables

Graphic presentation   Diagrams. Cartograms. Histograms. Stereograms

Currency. Topicality. Up-to-dateness. Recency of research

Preservation, storage of statistical documents

General organization of statistics. Official statistics

◇ 311.3:331.56   Official unemployment statistics

◇ 311.3(492)     Official statistics in the Netherlands

Kinds of official statistics

International statistics. Figures from international agencies

National statistics. Figures from national government agencies

Regional statistics. Figures from regional, provincial authorities, counties (UK), states (federal)

Local statistics. Figures from local authorities, municipalities

Private statistics

Statistics of associations, unions (trade, professional, etc.)

Statistics of (single) organizations. Management, internal statistics

Statistics of religious organizations, churches

Society

Demography. Population studies

Application Note: Details by special auxiliaries 3.07/.08

◇ 314.07      Demographic authorities, administration, institutions

◇ 314.08      Demographic personnel of authorities, officials

Special auxiliary subdivision for demography

Subject, scope and aims of demography

Demographic programmes

Demometrics (measurement techniques)

Sources of demographic data, including vital statistics

Types and features of populations. Demographic phenomena. Impact on demographic development

314.044

Voluntary action or change

Compulsory, forced action or change

Population

Population theories

Population policy

◇ 314.113:323.12      Racist population policy. Including: Ethnic cleansing

◇ 314.113:323.12-025.44     Anti-racist population policy

◇ 314.113:323.14     Racial population policy

◇ 314.113.015  Programmes of population policy

⇨ 323.1     Nationalist, popular, ethnic movements and problems. National and ethnic minorities

Factors of demographic phenomena and their effects on social and economic development

◇ 314.114:33     Economic factors and their effects

Population change, growth, decline

◇ 314.116(083.41)          Statistics of population change, growth, decline

◇ 314.116-022.252       Depopulation

◇ 314.116-022.257      Overpopulation

◇ 314.116-026.16        Stable population

◇ 314.116-026.23      Increase in population

◇ 314.116-026.24      Decrease in population

⇨ 316.362.4      Family size. Planning of the family

Population explosion

Population density

Composition and distribution of the population

Application Note: Details by colon combination, common auxiliaries of place (Table 1e), ethnic grouping (Table 1f) and persons (Table 1k, -05)

◇ 314.117-054.51     Autochthonous inhabitants (peoples whose residence is also their place of birth)

◇ 314.117-054.52    Allochthonous inhabitants (people whose place of residence is not their place of birth)

◇ 314.117-054.72-027.583    Illegal immigrants

◇ 314.117-055.1     Preponderance of males

◇ 314.117-055.2    Preponderance of females

◇ 314.117-058.51    Wanderers. Vagrants

Composition and distribution according to birthplace or domicile

Composition and distribution according to birthplace

Types of household

◇ 314.117.31:316.362    Households comprising family units

◇ 314.117.31-05-022.214    Households comprising one person

Alternative forms of household   Communes

Life expectancy

Births

Death. Morbidity

⇨ 393      Death. Treatment of corpses. Funerals. Death rites

Migration. Movement of populations

◇ 314.15:343.343.62    Illegal immigration

◇ 314.15″32″    Seasonal migration

◇ 314.15-022.324     Permanent migration

◇ 314.15-022.326    Temporary migration

◇ 314.15-026.48     In-migration

◇ 314.15-026.49     Out-migration

◇ 314.15.044     Voluntary migration

◇ 314.15.045     Forced migration

Population transfer

Expatriation

Types of migrant

Application Note: Details by common auxiliairies of persons (Table 1k, -05)

◇ 314.151.3-054.7      Expatriates. Exiles. Repatriates. Migrants. Stateless persons

◇ 314.151.3-054.72      Voluntary migrants. Including: Immigrants. Emigrants

◇ 314.151.3-054.73      Refugees. Evacuees. Displaced persons

◇ 314.151.3-054.74      Compulsory exiles. Banned persons (proscribed from entry). Expellees. Deportees

◇ 314.151.3-054.75    Repatriates

◇ 314.151.3-054.78    Stateless persons. Apatriates

Repatriation

Transit migration

Re-emigration

Sociology

Application Note: Details on special sociologies by colon combination (Table 1b)

◇ 316:61      Medical sociology

⇨ 355.01       War. Sociology of war. Philosophy of war. Militarism

⇨ 37.013.78     Sociological pedagogics

⇨ 591.55      Animal societies. Animal sociology. Communal life

Special auxiliary subdivision for sociology

316.01

Domains, approaches in sociology

316.012

Mesosociology

Microsociology

Social groups according to proportion and size

Majorities. Minorities

316.022.2

Majorities

Minorities

Social groups according to size

316.023.2

Small social groups

Medium social groups

Large social groups

316.03

Social groups according to interactions, relationships

Primary social group

Scope Note: Groups with intimate, kinship-based relationships

⇨ -055.5/.7    Persons according to family or other kinship relations

⇨ -058.8      Persons according to marriage, family or other civil status

⇨ 173      Family ethics

⇨ 316.36    Marriage and family

Secondary social group

Scope Note: Groups with formal, institutional relationships

Object and scope of sociology

Sociological points of view and trends

Scope Note: The names of individual sociologists in the subdivisions of this class are intended only to characterise the type of tendency mentioned

Application Note: Details by alphabetical extensions (Table 1h)

Mechanistic trend

Sociological mechanists (S. C. Haret, A. J. Lotka)

Sociological physicists (Carey)

Sociological energeticists (Solvay, Bekhterev, Ostwald, Winiarski)

Mathematical sociologists (Pareto, Carli)

Synthetic and geographical trends

Synthetico-geographical trend (Le Play)

Geographical trend (Jevons, Moore, Huntington)

Biological trend

316.242

Organicists (Lilienfeld, Schäffle, Worms, Novikov, Fouillée)

Race theory trend (Gobineau, Lapouge, Chamberlain)

316.244

Darwinian trend. Evolutionary theories of sociology. Historical sociology (Morgan, Bachofen, Spencer, Aron, Ginsburg)

⇨ 316.423.2    Evolutionary processes

Sociobiological trend. Demographic trend (Coste)

316.246

Biopsychological trend. Instinctivists

316.25

Sociologistic trends

316.252

Neopositivists (Roberty)

316.253

Pure sociologism (Durkheim)

316.254

Theory of group conflict (Gumplowicz, Oppenheimer)

Formal sociology. Morphological trend (Simmel, G. Richard, Von Wiese, Park, Burgess)

Institutional trend in sociology (Gehlen, Schelsky)

316.257

Frankfurt School. Critical theory. Hermeneutic trend (Horkheimer, Adorno, Marcuse)

Functionalism. Structural-functional sociology. Functional-structural sociology (Merton, Parsons, Luhmann)

Cybernetics trends, general systems theories, and game theories in sociology (K. W. Deutsch, Rappoport)

Marxist-Leninist sociology (Marx, Engels, Lenin)

316.27

Psychological trend

316.272

Sociology according to certain psychological factors (Tarde, Le Bon, Sighele)

316.273

Ethnic psychology (Lazarus, Steinthal, W. Wundt)

Introspectivists (Müller-Freienfels)

Behaviourist and experimental sociology. Learning theoretical trend (Skinner, Cooley, Dollard, Bandura, Opp)

316.276

Cognitive theories (Heider, Newcomb, Festinger, H. H. Kelley, Jones, Davis)   Balance theory. Consistency theory. Dissonance theory. Attribution theory. Inference theory

316.277

Phenomenological trend. Gestalt-theoretical trend (Mauss, G. H. Mead)

316.28

Trends based on communication theory

316.282

Action theory (Max Weber)

316.283

Role theory. Reference group theory. Exchange theory (Homans, Blau, J. W. Thibaut, H. H. Kelley)

316.285

Conflict theory. Theories of social inequality (Coser, Dahrendorf, S. N. Eisenstadt)

316.286

Reflexive sociology. Paradigms based on communication theory (Habermas, Eisermann, Bendix, I. Eisenstädt)

316.3

Social structure. Society as a social system

Application Note: Details by common auxiliaries of persons

Global societies

Scope Note: Class here abstract, theoretical types of society

Application Note: Details by common auxiliaries of place 

◇ 316.32(493)   Belgian society

◇ 316.323.72(439)  Hungary as a socialist society

◇ 316.323.82(675)”18″  Nineteenth century Zaire as a colonial society

◇ 316.324.7(439)     Hungary as an industrial society

316.322

General typologies of global societies

316.323

Socioeconomic types of global society. Socioeconomic formations

316.323.2

Kinship societies. Primitive society

316.323.3

Societies of Antiquity. Slave-owning societies

◇ 316.323.3-051     Slave owners

◇ 316.323.3-052    Slaves

⇨ 326   Slavery. Involuntary, unfree labour

⇨ 330.342.12   Slavery as economic system

⇨ 343.431     Enslavement. Subjugation. Slavery. Slave trade

316.323.4

Asiatic despotisms

316.323.5

Feudal societies

316.323.6

Capitalist societies

316.323.62

Early capitalist societies

316.323.63

High-capitalist societies

Late capitalist societies

316.323.65

Welfare State

316.323.7

Socialist and communist societies

316.323.72

Socialist societies

316.323.73

Communist societies. Classless societies

316.323.8

Colonial and neocolonial societies

Colonial societies

316.323.83

Neocolonial societies. Postcolonial societies

316.324

Global societies according to stages of economic development

316.324.2

Preagricultural societies

316.324.22

Hunting and gathering societies

316.324.23

Horticultural societies

316.324.3

316.324.4

Fishing societies. Maritime societies

Agrar-industrial societies

316.324.5

Agricultural, agrarian societies

316.324.6

Preindustrial societies

316.324.7

Industrial societies

316.324.8

Postindustrial societies

316.325

Societies according to specific criteria   Theocracies, mass societies

316.33

Basic elements and subsystems of global societies as sociological categories

316.332

Base and superstructure

Subsystems and institutions

Sociology of economic subsystems and institutions. Economic structure. Sociology of economics

◇ 316.334.2:338.439   Nutritional sociology

◇ 316.334.2:339.13      Sociology of the market

Sociology of work

Industrial sociology. Sociology of the enterprise

Sociology of political subsystems and institutions. Political sociology

◇ 316.334.3:321       Sociology of the state

◇ 316.334.3:324      Sociology of elections

◇ 316.334.3:329     Sociology of political parties

316.334.4

Sociology of legal subsystems and institutions. Sociology of law

⇨ 316.354     Purposive organized groups and organizations. Sociology of organizations

⇨ 316.75       Normative and evaluative aspects of culture. Ideology

316.334.5

Sociology of ecological subsystems and institutions

⇨ 502.22    The man-made environment

⇨ 504.61     Damage by man to the environment

316.334.52

Regional and community studies

316.334.54

Housing. Neighbourhood. Sociology of housing and dwelling

Rurban sociology (country – town sociology). Community sociology

316.334.55

Rural communities. Rural sociology

316.334.56

Urban communities. Urban sociology

Social stratification. Social differentiation

⇨ 316.443   Social stratification processes

316.342

Types of social differentiation. Types of social stratification

Social classes

316.342.3

Castes

316.342.4

Standings. Estates

Strata. Social levels

Socioeconomic groups

Pillarization (‘Verzuiling’). Vertical categorization according to religion or ideology

316.343

Social stratification and class structure of different socioeconomic formations

◇ 316.343:316.323.3      Social differentiation in societies of antiquity and slave-owning societies

◇ 316.343:316.323.5      Social stratification in feudal societies

◇ 316.343:316.323.5:27-722.5   Christian clergy in feudal societies

◇ 316.343:316.323.62    Social stratification in early capitalist societies

◇ 316.343:316.323.62-058.14    Workers, proletarians in early capitalist societies

◇ 316.343:316.323.82    Class structure in colonial societies

316.343.7

Social differentiation of the socialist and communist societies

Social differentiation under socialism

316.343.75

Social differentiation under communism

316.344

Social differentiation according to specific criteria

According to economic factors

According to the ownership of production means

According to economic status and income and wealth

According to occupation or employment

316.344.25

According to economic sectors, e.g. mining, agriculture

316.344.26

According to position within the production process and production cycle. E.g. workers in primary or secondary processes of production

316.344.27

According to participation in employment

⇨ 331      Labour. Employment. Work. Labour economics. Organization of labour

316.344.3

According to education and knowledge

Intellectuals. Literate. Illiterate

316.344.34

According to education, training and schooling

◇ 316.344.34:373      According to general school

◇ 316.344.34:377      According to vocational, technical, professional training

◇ 316.344.34:378.2   According to university and college qualifications

316.344.4

According to possession of authority and power

⇨ 316.46    Leadership

316.344.42

Elites

Ruling classes and strata

316.344.44

Suppressed classes and strata

316.344.5

According to legal status, e.g. civil rights, personal freedom, privileges

316.344.6

According to health and working ability

316.344.7

Marginal strata. Alienated and excluded strata and groups

316.344.8

According to self-identification

316.346

Demographic differentiation

⇨ 314   Demography. Population studies

316.346.2

According to sex. Sexes

◇ 316.346.2-055.1   Men

◇ 316.346.2-055.2   Women

316.346.3

According to age

316.346.32

Age groups

◇ 316.346.32-053.6      Youth sociology

◇ 316.346.32-053.9      Sociology of the elderly

316.346.36

Generations

316.347

Social differentiation according to specific national, ethnic and religious origins

◇ 316.347(=01)     Grouping according to ancestry groups, ethnicity

316.35

Social groups. Social organizations

Application Note: Details by special auxiliaries 316.023, from 316.01/.03

◇ 316.35.023.2  Dyads and triads

◇ 316.35.023.4  Small groups

◇ 316.35.023.5   Mesogroups. Mesoorganizations

◇ 316.35.023.6  Large groups. Large organizations

⇨ 061       Organizations and other types of cooperation

⇨ 316.342.6    Socioeconomic groups

⇨ 316.45         Group processes

316.351

Social groups according to cohesiveness

316.353

Groups according to disposition or interest

316.354

Purposive organized groups and organizations. Sociology of organizations

◇ 316.354:351/354    Sociology of public administration

◇ 316.354:355.1     Sociology of the armed forces

⇨ 061      Organizations and other types of cooperation

⇨ 316.334.4      Sociology of legal subsystems and institutions. Sociology of law

316.354.2

Regulative groups

316.354.4

Voluntary groups

Ascribed, nonvoluntary and predetermined groups   Groups based on parentage

316.356.2

Consanguinity groups

316.356.4

Nonconsanguinity ascribed groups   Races. Nations

316.36

Marriage and family

316.361

Nuptiality. Marriage. Union. Cohabitation

◇ 316.361″4″  Duration of marriages and unions

⇨ -058.833    Married persons. Spouses

⇨ 173.1            Marriage. Matrimony

⇨ 2-45            Marriage and the family

⇨ 347.62       Marriage

⇨ 392.5        Marriage. Wedding. Nuptials

316.361.1

Types of marriage, union, cohabitation   Common law marriages

◇ 316.361.1-027.581    Legal marriages

◇ 316.361.1-027.582   Unions without legal force

◇ 316.361.1-028.85     Prohibited forms of marriage

316.361.11

Marriage by number of spouses

◇ 316.361.11-022.214    Monogamy

◇ 316.361.11-022.214-055.1     Monandry

◇ 316.361.11-022.214-055.2    Monogyny

◇ 316.361.11-022.218    Polygamy

◇ 316.361.11-022.218-055.1     Polyandry

◇ 316.361.11-022.218-055.2    Polygyny

316.361.13

Marriage between partners from different religious, ethnic, cultural backgrounds. Mixed marriage

◇ 316.361.13:2 Marriage between different religions denominations

◇ 316.361.13:27+28       Marriage between Christians and Muslims

◇ 316.361.13(=088)      Marriage between different ethnic groups. ‘Interracial’ marriage

316.361.15

Same-sex marriage. Gay marriage

⇨ 316.362.34     Family based on same-sex union

316.362

Family units

⇨ 392.3    Family life. Familial systems

316.362.1

Relationships within family units

◇ 316.362.1-055.52-055.62   Parent-child relationship

◇ 316.362.1-055.71     Relationships between siblings

◇ 316.362.1-058.833-055.1-055.2     Husband-wife relationship

Types of family unit

Single-parent family

◇ 316.362.31-058.832-055.1    Single father family

◇ 316.362.31-058.832-055.2   Single mother family

⇨ -058.832     Single, unmarried persons

316.362.32

Nuclear family

316.362.3

Step family

◇ 316.362.33-058.854    Step parents

◇ 316.362.33-058.854-055.1       Family with stepfather

◇ 316.362.33-058.854-055.2       Family with stepmother

⇨ -058.854     Step-parents

316.362.34

Family based on same-sex union

⇨ 316.361.15     Same-sex marriage. Gay marriage

316.362.35

Extended family

316.362.4

Family size. Planning of the family

◇ 316.362.4:364-782.44  Planning in relation to adoption

◇ 316.362.4-021.121      Actual family size

◇ 316.362.4-021.333      Ideal family size

⇨ 613.888.15     Contraception. Birth control

316.362.5

Childless families

Stages of family life

316.362.71

Families with children at home

316.362.72

Families whose children have left home

Break up, dissolution of marriages or unions

316.363.1

Death of one partner. Widowhood. Widowerhood

⇨ -058.835     Widowed persons

316.363.5

Desertion. Separation. Divorce

⇨ 2-454    Divorce

⇨ 347.627.2   Divorce

316.363.52

Shared custody of offspring

316.364

Remarriage

Celibacy. Bachelorhood. Spinsterhood

⇨ -058.832   Single, unmarried persons

⇨ 176.2         Celibacy

⇨ 2-447.7     Abstinence. Celibacy

Sexual relations and practices from the social structure point of view

Scope Note: Class here studies on sexual relations from the point of view social structure and interactions. For sexual life and sexology in general, see 613.88/.89. For sexual ethics, see 176. For religious attitude towards sex, see 2-447

316.367.2

Sexual practice   Masturbation. Oral sex. Anal sex

Scope Note: Class here sexual practice from the point of view of social relationships. For sexual practices in general, see 613.883/.885, for sexual pathology, see 616.89-008.442

◇ 316.367.2:343.542.5   Sexual relations with offspring. Incest

⇨ 613.883.246   Masturbation

⇨ 613.888        Sexual hygiene

316.367.5

Heterosexual relations

⇨ -055.4     Persons according to sexual identity and gender

⇨ 613.880.25    Heterosexuality

Homosexual relations. Gay and lesbian relations

⇨ -055.34   Homosexual. Gay

⇨ 613.880.26   Homosexuality

Individuals (as a basic element of social structure)

316.4

Social processes. Social dynamics

Types of social process

Processes in time

316.4.051.2

Recurring processes. Cyclic processes

Nonrecurring processes. One-way processes

316.4.051.6

Processes between and within generations

Intragenerational processes. Intra-cohort processes

⇨ 316.477    Course of life. Social career

Intergenerational processes. Supersedence of cohorts

Processes according to way of manifestation

Manifest processes

316.4.057.4

Latent processes

Social function

316.4.063

Social impact. Effect of processes

Differentiation

Division of labour

316.4.063.24

Disintegration. Polarization

Integration. Approach, overture or rapprochement. Dedifferentiation

316.4.063.34

Cooperation

Stabilization

Differentiation and integration as effect of the same process

Regression

316.4.063.6

Destruction

316.4.063.7

Repression

Social determinants. Stimulating social forces

316.42

Social change in global societies. Social development. Sociology of development

⇨ 316.32   Global societies

316.421

Origin of global societies and social structures

316.422

Reform. Transformation. Innovation. Modernization

316.422.4

Progress

316.422.42

Social progress

316.422.44

Scientific-technical progress

316.422.6

Decline. Retrogression

Evolutionary and revolutionary processes

Evolutionary processes

⇨ 316.244      Darwinian trend. Evolutionary theories of sociology. Historical sociology (Morgan, Bachofen, Spencer, Aron, Ginsburg)

316.423.3

Revolution. Revolutionary processes         

Emancipation

◇ 316.423.6:316.346.2-055.2      Emancipation of women

Planned social development

⇨ 304    Social questions. Social practice. Cultural practice. Way of life (Lebensweise)

316.44

Social differentiation processes. Stratification processes. Social mobility

Social differentiation processes

Social stratification processes

316.444

Social mobility

◇ 316.444.051.63      Intergenerational mobility

⇨ 314.15     Migration. Movement of populations

⇨ 316.73     Cultural dynamics

316.444.2

Horizontal mobility (within social strata)

316.444.3

Vertical mobility

316.444.5

Occupational mobility

316.446

Barrier to mobility

316.45

Group processes

Formation of groups

Development of groups. Innovation of groups

Processes within groups. Intragroup relations

Group membership. Individual and group

Group behaviour. Collective behaviour. Mass behaviour

Cohesion

Interaction and communication in groups

Communication in groups

316.454.54

Group coercion. Group pressure

Group dynamics. Group performance

Intergroup relations   Relations between ethnic and ancestry groups

316.46

Leadership

Style of leadership

316.46.058.2

Democratic. Cooperative

Laissez-faire. Permissive

316.46.058.4

Authoritarian. Autocratic

316.46.058.5

Manipulative

Expressive

316.46.058.7

Instrumental

Centralized or decentralized

Authority. Power. Dominance

316.464

Collective leadership

316.466

Rotating leadership

Change of leadership

316.47

Social relations. Interpersonal relations

Application Note: Details by special auxiliaries 316.4.05 and 316.4.06

◇ 316.47.063.3 Approach

⇨ 316.4.05     Types of social process

⇨ 316.4.06      Function, effect and determinants of social processes

316.472

Social relations according to participants

⇨ 316.455       Intergroup relations

Relations between groups and individuals

Interpersonal relations. Social networks

316.472.42

Face-to-face relations

Indirect contacts between individuals

316.472.45

Characteristics of social networks. Number of contacts

Social resources (in one’s own social network)

316.473

Social perception

◇ 316.473:316.663       Role perception

316.474

Interpersonal attraction

Interpersonal influence. Imitation

Interpersonal competition. Rivalry

316.477

Course of life. Social career

⇨ 316.346.3          According to age

⇨ 316.4.051.62    Intragenerational processes. Intra-cohort processes

⇨ 316.612           Development of personality

316.48

Social conflict. Sociology of conflicts

316.482

Conflict according to unities involved

Application Note: Details by special auxiliaries 316.4.05

◇ 316.482.051.63    Generation conflicts

⇨ 316.4.05              Types of social process

316.482.3

Class conflicts. Class struggle

316.482.5

Race conflicts

Conflict according to reason of conflict   Role conflicts

Social means of conflict. Means of regulation of conflicts

Social means of conflict

316.485.22

Protest

Resignation. Passivity

Violent means. Terror. Coup d’état. War

Conflict regulation. Conflict solution. Conflict strategy

316.6

Social psychology

⇨ 159.9     Psychology

⇨ 316.4      Social processes. Social dynamics

⇨ 316.75     Normative and evaluative aspects of culture. Ideology

⇨ 316.77      Social communication. Sociology of communication

Sociocultural personality. Socialization of personality

⇨ 159.923       Type psychology. Individual psychology. Psychology of individualities. Individuality. Personality. Character psychology. Characterology. Idiosyncrasies. Personal equation. Personality types

⇨ 316.37        Individuals (as a basic element of social structure)

Development of personality

⇨ 316.477      Course of life. Social career

Sociocultural qualities of personality

Application Note: Details by colon combination with the subdivision of 159.9

⇨ 159.9        Psychology

316.613.4

Social feelings. Emotions

⇨ 159.942.52      Feelings. Sentiments

⇨ 316.642.2        Affective components

Prosocial emotions   Affinity. Friendship

Asocial and antisocial emotions

316.613.432

Defensive emotions   Distrust

Offensive emotions   Hostility

316.613.5

Social character. Basic personality

⇨ 159.923     Type psychology. Individual psychology. Psychology of individualities. Individuality. Personality. Character psychology. Characterology. Idiosyncrasies. Personal equation. Personality types

316.614

Socialization

◇ 316.614.032  Primary socialization

◇ 316.614.034  Secondary socialization

⇨ 316.663     Social role

⇨ 316.73       Cultural dynamics

Phases of socialization

Social learning. Social sanctions

Parts of the socialization process   Internalization (introjection). Inhibition. Reinforcement mechanisms

Agencies of socialization. E.g. family, school, firm

316.614.6

Objects of socialization. Effects of socialization

316.62

Human behaviour. Social behaviour. Social life

Application Note: Details on kind of behaviour by colon combination (Table 1b)

◇ 316.62:324     Voting behaviour

⇨ 316.454.3

Group behaviour. Collective behaviour. Mass behaviour

⇨ 316.663.5     Role behaviour. Role playing. Role taking. Role distance

⇨ 330.16        Physio-psychological factors. Economic behaviour, conduct. Demands. Wishes. Inhibition, restraint. Economic instincts. Intuition

Activity and passivity in social behaviour

316.622

Behaviour patterns

⇨ 316.75   Normative and evaluative aspects of culture. Ideology

316.623

Conventional behaviour

316.624

Deviant behaviour. Social pathology

316.624.2

Marginal behaviour. Asocial behaviour

⇨ 177.82    Asocial attitudes

Antisocial behaviour

◇ 316.624.3:364.634      Harassment as antisocial behaviour

◇ 316.624.3:364.636      Bullying as antisocial behaviour

316.625

Goal-oriented behaviour. Action

Scope Note: For action theory as a sociological trend 

Elements of social behaviour

316.627

Prosocial behaviour   Altruistic behaviour

316.628

Motivation of social behaviour. Needs. Aspirations   Primary, innate motives (drives). Secondary, acquired motives (social motives). Conflict of motives

⇨ 159.947.5      Intentions. Motives. Desires, wishes

⇨ 331.101.3      Attitude to work. Work motivation. Work morale. Work incentives

Social attitudes. Views. Social consciousness

Components of attitudes

316.642.2

Affective components

⇨ 316.613.4    Social feelings. Emotions

Cognitive component. Belief system. Persuasions

⇨ 316.276    Cognitive theories (Heider, Newcomb, Festinger, H. H. Kelley, Jones, Davis)

316.642.4

Conative component. Behavioural component

Interconnectedness of attitudes

316.643.2

Attitude system. Attitude constellation

Attitude conflict. Attitude dissonance

Attitudes according to objects

Application Note: Details on an attitude to a particular object by colon combination

◇ 316.644:331.56     Attitude to unemployment

316.645

Attitude characteristics. Attitude dimensions   Direction. Strength. Rank. Coherence. Lability. Stability. Rigidity

316.647

Basic attitudes

Tolerance. Intolerance

Conformism. Nonconformism. Fatalism

316.647.7

Dogmatism. Fanaticism

Stereotypes. Prejudices

Discrimination

316.648

Formation and change of attitudes

Application Note: Details on the origins of attitude formation or change by colon combination

◇ 316.648:316.35    Social group as origin of attitude formation

Formation of attitudes

Establishment of attitudes

Attitude change

316.65

Opinion

⇨ 303.425    Survey

⇨ 316.77       Social communication. Sociology of communication

⇨ 323.23      Political persuasion. Agitation. Influencing of public opinion

⇨ 659        Publicity. Information work. Public relations

Relation between opinions

Opinion homogeneity. Consistency and consensus of opinion

Disagreement. Inconsistency of opinion. Dissent

316.653

Public opinion

316.654

(Public) opinion on particular objects and issues

◇ 316.654:623.454.8      (Public) opinion on nuclear weapons

Formation and change of (public) opinion

316.658.2

Formation of opinion

316.658.3

Opinion change

Influencing (public) opinion by publicity and propaganda

Social position. Social status. Social role

316.662

Social position and social status

Social position and social status according to various criteria

◇ 316.662.2:005.732      Status within a firm’s hierarchy

Status segment. Status set. Status sequence

316.662.4

Status characteristics. Status symbols

Congruency (status consistency). Incongruency, ambiguity (status inconsistency)

316.663

Social role

Scope Note: Class role perception under 316.473

Application Note: Details by colon combination and/or common auxiliaries of person

◇ 316.663-057.85   Social role of intellectuals

⇨ 316.473                 Social perception

316.663.2

Social role according to various criteria   Fundamental or peripheral role. Primary or secondary role. Role according to the implied risk of sanction

316.663.3

Role segment. Role set. Role sequence

Role expectations

316.663.5

Role behaviour. Role playing. Role taking. Role distance

Application Note: Details on role conflict by colon combination with the subdivision of 316.48

⇨ 316.48       Social conflict. Sociology of conflicts

Role attributes

316.7

Sociology of culture. Cultural context of social life

316.72

Various types of culture

316.722

Culture of various societies. Civilization

Subcultures. Cultures of various groups

316.728

Style of life. Sociology of everyday life

⇨ 304.3       Way of life

316.73

Cultural dynamics

316.732

Acculturation

316.733

Cultural change

Diffusion of culture

316.736

Enculturation

⇨ 316.614      Socialization

316.74

Agencies of culture. E.g. religion, science, education

◇ 316.74:001     Sociology of knowledge

◇ 316.74:2         Sociology of religion

◇ 316.74:316     Sociology of sociology

◇ 316.74:37       Educational sociology

◇ 316.74:7         Sociology of the arts

◇ 316.74:78       Sociology of music

◇ 316.74:81       Sociology of language

◇ 316.74:82       Sociology of literature

316.75

Normative and evaluative aspects of culture. Ideology

Values

⇨ 172   Social ethics. Duties to one’s fellow humans

316.752.4

Value conflicts

316.754

Norms and laws

316.754.4

Norm conflicts

316.754.6

Taboos

Anomie. Social disintegration

316.77

Social communication. Sociology of communication

⇨ 007     Systems science and systems theory. Information and communication theory. Control theory (cybernetics)

316.772

Kinds of communication

316.772.2

Communication according to coding and decoding   Verbal, nonverbal, open, formal communication

316.772.3

Communication according to differentiation   Multistep, direct, unilateral, network communication

Communication according to participation   Interpersonal, dynamic, public communication

Communication according to information and communication technology   Man-machine communication

Scope Note: Class here issues related to communication infrastructure: press, telegraph, radio, telephony, computer technology

Subject of communication

316.773.2

Form of the subject of communication. Symbols

316.773.3

Content of the subject of communication. Message

316.773.4

Meaning and interpretation of the subject of communication

316.774

Means of information transfer. Channels. Media

◇ 316.774:654.1      Sociological aspects of telecommunication

⇨ 07      Media. Mass media. Mass communication. Media and communication studies

316.775

Participants in communication

316.775.2

Communicator. Transmitter

316.775.3

Mediator   Filter. Gatekeeper. Multiplier. Opinion leader. Modulator

316.775.4

Receiver. Audience

Communication processes. Information exchange

316.776.2

Effects on communication

Quality of information flow   Redundancy. Noise. Barrier

316.776.23

Influence on subject   Biased information. Distortion

316.776.3

Effects of communication

316.776.32

Dissemination. Use

316.776.33

Impact

316.776.34

Reaction. Feedback

316.776.4

Metacommunication   Reflectivity. Assessment