| 28 | Islam |
| 28- 1/ 9 | Special auxiliary subdivision for Islam Scope Note: This special auxiliary subdivision represents the application of the main special auxiliary subdivision for religion 2-1/-9 to Islam. It contains only a selection of the most relevant classes and concepts that were further developed specifically for Islam Application Note: To introduce more concepts, not present here, use special auxiliaries 2-1/-9 |
| 28-1 | Islamic Theology |
28-14 | Allah. God. Islamic understanding of god |
28-144 | Attributes of God |
| 28-144.2 | Names of God |
28-144.7 | Essence of God |
28-144.8 | Nature of God |
| 28-144.81 | Tawhid. Oneness of God |
| 28-144.83 | Transcendence of God |
| 28-144.85 | Immanence of God |
28-167 | Supernatural beings. Djinns |
| 28-167.2 | Angels |
28-167.21 | Jibril (Gabriel). Bringer of messages. ‘Holy spirit’ |
| 28-167.22 | Mika’il (Michael). Protector of holy places. Life sustainer |
28-167.23 | Azra’il (takes away the souls of the dying) |
28-167.24 | Israfil (calls the souls on Judgement Day) |
| 28-167.25 | Archangels |
28-167.251 | Questioners. Munkar. Nakir |
28-167.253 | Keeper of Hell. Maalik (angel in hell) |
28-167.255 | Keeper of Paradise. Ridwan |
28-167.4 | Guardian angels. Recorders |
28-167.6 | Malevolent beings |
28-167.62 | Devils |
28-168 | Mahdi. Hidden Imam |
28-17 | Islamic cosmology |
28-172 | The material world. The physical environment |
28-172.2 | Creation of the world |
28-175 | Eschatology. End of the world. Last things |
28-175.3 | Last judgement |
28-18 | Man. Mankind. Humanity |
28-181 | Origins of man |
| 28-181.5 | Creation of man |
28-183 | Nature of man |
28-183.5 | The soul. The spirit. Human spirit |
28-183.7 | Qadar. Predestination in Islam |
28-184.2 | Religious experience |
| 28-184.3 | Faith |
28-184.8 | God’s response to man. Theodicy |
28-185 | Human experience. Life |
28-185.3 | Evil. The problem of evil |
28-185.33 | Repentance |
28-186 | Death. The dead |
28-187 | Akhirah. Life after death |
28-187.3 | Eternity |
28-187.6 | Yawm al-Qiyamah (Day of resurrection). Yawm ad-Din (Day of judgement). Resurrection in Islam |
28-188 | Spiritual world |
28-188.26 | Judgement |
28-188.3 | Journey to the spirit world |
28-188.5 | Jannah (Garden of Eden). Paradise |
28-188.7 | Jahannam / dozukh / nar. Hell |
28-2 | Sources of the Islam |
28-22 | Authenticity. Revelation. Inspiration |
28-23 | Koran (Qur’an). Directions from Allah |
28-231.1 | Surah. Chapter |
| 28-231.12 | Ayah. Verse |
28-232 | Texts of the Koran |
28-234 | Translations of the Koran |
28-235 | Versions of the Koran |
28-236 | Rewritings. Paraphrases |
28-236.5 | Narrative summaries, stories from the Koran ◇ 28-236.5-534.4 Recitations and readings from the Koran |
28-25 | Secondary literature. Pseudo-canonical works |
28-254 | Commentary on the Koran Scope Note: For commentaries as a form, see 28-273 |
28-256 | Interpretative works. Works of guidance on practice |
28-266 | Islamic law derived from the Koran. Legal codes. Legal texts Scope Note: For specific works of law, see 34 ⇨ 28-74 Legal administration in Islam. Religious law |
28-27 | Critical works on the Koran |
28-271 | Aids to study |
28-273 | Commentaries on the Koran |
28-274 | General criticism of the Koran |
28-275 | Textual criticism |
28-276 | Literary criticism of the Koran |
28-276.7 | Historical criticism of the Koran |
28-277 | Interpretation of the Koran |
| 28-277.2 | Exegesis. Hermeneutics |
28-277.6 | Allegorical interpretation of the Koran. Numerical interpretation of the Koran |
28-28 | Hadith. Collection of the teachings and sayings of the prophet Application Note: Details by alphabetical extension (Table 1h) ◇ 28-28-25 Secondary literature on the Hadith ◇ 28-28-254 Commentary on the Hadith ◇ 28-28-27 Critical works on the Hadith ◇ 282-28 Sunni Hadith ◇ 282-28K Kutub al-Sittah (The Six Books) / Al-Sihah al-Sittah (The Authentic Six) in Sunni tradition ◇ 282-28KBUK Sahih Bukhari (in The Six Books), collected by Imam Bukhari (870 CE) ◇ 282-28KDAW Sunan Abu Dawud (in The Six Books) collected by Abu Dawood (888 CE) ◇ 282-28KMAJ Sunan ibn Majah (in The Six Books), collected by Ibn Majah (887 CE) ◇ 282-28KMAL Muwatta Malik (in The Six Books), collected by Imam Malik (795 CE) ◇ 282-28KMUS Sahih Muslim (in The Six Books), collected by Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj (875 CE) ◇ 282-28KSUQ Sunan al-Sughra (in The Six Books), collected by al-Nasa’i (915 CE) ◇ 282-28KTIR Sunan at-Tirmidhi / Jami’ at -Tirmidhi (in The Six Books), collected by Al-Tirmidhi (892 CE) ◇ 284-28 Shia Hadith ◇ 284-28K Al-Kutub al-Arba’ah (The Four Books) / al-Usul al-Arb’ah (The Four Principles) in Shia tradition ◇ 284-28KIST Al-Istibsar (in The Four Books), collected by Shaykh Tusi ◇ 284-28KKAF Kitab al-kafi / Kafi (The Sufficient Book, in The Four Books), collected by Muhammad ibn Ya’qub al-Kulayni (941 CE) ◇ 284-28KMAN Man la yahduruhu al-Faqih (in The Four Books), collected by Ibn Babawayh ◇ 284-28KTAH Tahdhib al-Ahkam (in The Four Books), collected by Shaykh Tusi |
28-285 | Defence and exposition of doctrine |
28-285.2 | Apologetics |
| 28-285.4 | Polemics |
28-3 | Persons in Islam |
28-31 | Muhammad the Prophet |
28-312 | Life of the Prophet |
28-312.2 | Period previous to call to prophethood |
| 28-312.3 | Birth of the Prophet. Childhood |
28-312.5 | Muhammad’s family and companions ◇ 28-312.5-055.62-055.2 Daughters ◇ 28-312.5-058.833-055.2 Wives |
28-312.55 | Sahabah. Companions |
28-312.6 | Period at Mecca Call to prophethood. Laylut ul-Qadr. Revelation. Early mission. Year of sorrow. Laylut ul-Miraj. Night of the Ascent |
28-312.7 | Profet’s public life |
| 28-312.73 | Hijrah (Hejira, Hegira). Flight of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina 622 CE |
28-312.75 | Pilgrimage to Mecca, year 628 |
28-312.77 | The conquest of Mecca (630 CE). Farewell pilgrimage (632 CE) |
28-312.8 | Last Sermon / farewell sermon. Death of the Prophet (632 CE) |
28-32 | Prophets prior to Muhammad Application Note: Details by alphabetical extensions (Table 1h) ◇ 28-32:27-31 Jesus, son of Mary ◇ 28-32ABR Abraham ◇ 28-32ADA Adam ◇ 28-32MOS Moses ⇨ 27-31 Jesus Christ. Christology |
28-33 | Caliphs Application Note: Details by alphabetical extensions (Table 1h) ◇ 28-33ABU Abu Bakr ◇ 28-33ALI Ali ◇ 28-33UMA Umar ◇ 28-33UTH Uthman |
28-4 | Religious activities. Religious practice |
| 28-41 | Social behaviour and activities. Non formal religious practice and observance |
28-42 | Moral behaviour |
28-423 | Right and wrong, good and evil in Islam |
28-423.35 | Conscience. Guilt |
28-423.5 | Wrongdoing. Sin. Islamic views on sin |
28-423.58 | Cardinal sins in Islam. Al-Kabirah Shirk (associating anything with Allah), despair of Allah’s mercy, disobeying parents, zina (adultery), sodomy, theft, consumption of alcohol and other intoxicants, gambling, backbiting (saying bad things about a person who is not there), leaving daily prayer, zakat (alsmgiving) evasion, witchcraft, killing one whom Allah has declared inviolate, consuming the property of an orphan, devouring usury, fleeing from the battlefield, slandering chaste, innocent believing women |
28-423.7 | Good. Virtue. Islamic views on virtue |
| 28-423.78 | Cardinal values in Islam Taqwa (piety) justice, ghufran (forgiveness), righteousness, kindness and honesty |
28-425 | Islamic ethical systems. Ethical theory Application Note: Details on specific ethical systems by colon combination with the subdivision of 17 |
28-426 | Five pillars of Islam ⇨ 28-57 Pilgrimage |
28-426.1 | Shahadah, the first pillar of Islam. Bearing witness Scope Note: Professing oneness of Allah and accepting Prophet Muhammad as his messenger to humanity |
28-426.2 | Salah, the second pillar of Islam. Prayer |
28-426.3 | Zakah, the third pillar of Islam. Welfare contribution. Religious tax Scope Note: Zakah is an act of ‘ibadah’ (worship and obedience) and serves principally as the welfare contribution to poor and deprived people |
28-426.4 | Sawm, the fourth pillar of Islam. Fasting ⇨ 2-442.47 Abstinence. Fasting. Prohibition ⇨ 2-536.74 Ritual fasting. Abstinence from food |
28-426.5 | Hajj, the fifth pillar of Islam. Pilgrimage Application Note: To express the act of pilgrimage and the place of pilgrimage itself use this number in combination with 2-57 and a common auxiliary of place ⇨ 2-57 Pilgrimage |
28-428 | Fiqh. lslamic obligations Support of the less fortunate |
28-428.3 | Shariah. Code of conduct ◇ 28-428.3-027.556 Mandub, mustahab. Actions recommended but not compulsory, e.g. saying extra prayers ◇ 28-428.3-027.557 Fard, wajib. Things which are compulsory; e.g. keeping the Five Pillars ◇ 28 428.3-423.35 Mubah. Actions that must be decided by conscience because there is no clear guidance ⇨ 28-74 Legal administration in Islam. Religious law |
28-428.4 | Haram. Things forbidden, e.g. adultery, eating pork ◇ 28-428.4-027.556 Makruh. Actions not actually forbidden, but disapproved of |
28-428.5 | Tasawwuf. Spirit of obedience and sincerity |
28-43 | Social customs and practice |
28-44 | Social behaviour in Islam |
28-441 | Taharah. Mental and physical purification |
28-442 | Food and diet in Islam ◇ 28-442-027.568 Halal. Permitted food ◇ 28-442-027.583 Haram. Forbidden food ◇ 28-442.47 Fasting |
28-442.5 | Rules concerning specific foods and drinks ◇ 28-442.5:636.4 Pork ◇ 28-442.5:663.2/.5 Rules concerning alcoholic drinks |
28-443 | Personal hygiene and appearance. Personal conduct in Islam |
28-443.3 | Cleanliness. Washing |
28-443.5 | Clothing. Headgear ◇ 28-443.5:687.12 Jilbab. Outdoor covering garment for women ◇ 28-443.5:687.45 Hijab. Veil
|
28-444 | Social relationships in Islam |
28-444.2 | Friendships |
28-447 | Sexual practice in Islam |
28-447.6 | Sexual faithfulness. Promiscuity |
28-447.64 | Sexual unfaithfulness. Zinah, sexual intercourse outside marriage. Adultery |
28-447.7 | Celibacy |
28-45 | Marriage and the family |
28-452 | Selection of marriage partners Arranged marriage. Child marriages |
28-452.2 | Marriage contracts Mahr (mandatory payment by the groom). Dowries |
28-453 | Marital partners |
28-453.5 | Polygamy |
| 28-454 | Talaq. Divorce |
28-455 | Children |
28-456 | Pregnancy |
28-456.2 | Abortion |
| 28-46 | Charity. Sadaqah. Pastoral activities |
28-463.4 | Almsgiving |
28-467 | Hospitality to strangers |
| 28-47 | Education in Islam |
28-472 | Religious education in Islam ◇ 28-472-75 Religious education in madrasas / madrassahs
|
28-475 | Preaching (as education and instruction in Islam) |
28-475.2 | Homiletics. Theory of preaching in Islam |
| 28-475.5 | Sermons in Islamic education ◇ 28-475.5-022.215″329.5″ Khutbah. Double sermon at Friday prayer
|
28-48 | Recipients of pastoral care. Social types and groups Application Note: Details by common auxiliaries of persons (Table 1k, -05) and/or colon combination ◇ 28-48-053.2 Children and infants as recipients of pastoral care ◇ 28-48-053.9 Elderly as recipients of pastoral care ◇ 28-48-056.24 Ill persons (the sick) as recipients of pastoral care ◇ 28-48-056.246 Dying as as recipients of pastoral care
|
28-5 | Salah / namaz. Worship in Islam |
28-52 | Agents of worship in Islam |
28-522 | Places of special significance |
28-522.4 | Places of particular holiness ◇ 28-522.4(532.22) Medina |
28-522.58 | Birthplace of the Prophet ◇ 28-522.58(532.21) Mecca
|
28-523 | Buildings for religious use |
| 28-523.42 | Mosque. Chief centre of worship |
| 28-523.44 | Mihrab. Central feature of a mosque, facing Mecca |
| 28-523.472 | Doors |
| 28-523.472.1 | Shoe racks |
28-525.6 | Prayer caps |
28-525.7 | Prayer mats |
28-526 | Objects in worship. Furnishings and decorations |
28-526.1 | Furniture and objects in places of worship ◇ 28-526.1-032.2 Fountains. Running water |
28-526.11 | Dikka. Platform |
| 28-526.13 | Minbar. Pulpit |
28-526.15 | Kursi. Lectern |
28-526.4 | Tasbih. Subhah. Beads |
28-53 | Acts of worship |
28-532.2 | Rakah. Public worship |
| 28-532.3 | Du’a. Private worship. Family worship. Worship in the home |
28-532.6 | Compulsory, obligatory worship |
28-532.7 | Recommended worship |
28-532.8 | Voluntary worship. Optional worship |
| 28-534 | Forms of worship |
| 28-534.2 | Adhan. Call to prayer ◇ 28-534.2-051 Muezzin |
28-534.3 | Prayer ◇ 28-534.3″329.5″ Jum’ah. Friday prayer ◇ 28-534.3″51*5″ Salat. Prayer five times daily
|
| 28-534.4 | Reading of the text in Islam ◇ 28-534.4-232 Readings of the Koran. Qira’at (method of recitation). Riwaya (transmission by the narrator) ◇ 28 534.4-232-051 Qari (reader). Rawi (transmitters) ◇ 28-534.4-236.5 Reading stories from the Koran
|
28-536 | Physical rites and ceremonies |
28-536.1 | Wudu. Washing before prayer ⇨ 28-443.3 Cleanliness. Washing |
28-536.3 | Postures |
| 28-536.32 | Qiblah. Orientation of prayer towards Mecca |
28-536.34 | Ruku. Bowing |
28-536.36 | Sujud. Prostration |
| 28-536.86 | Circumcision |
28-537 | Offerings |
28-538 | Sacrifices, e.g. at birth of a child |
28-543.3 | Confession of faith |
28-552 | Rites of passage |
28-553 | Birth ceremonies in Islam ◇ 28 553-536.86 Circumcision as a birth ceremony ⇨ 28-536.86 Circumcision |