| =… | Table 1c – Common auxiliaries of language Scope Note: The common auxiliaries of language denote the language or linguistic form of a document whose subject is denoted by a main UDC number. Table 1c is the main place in the UDC tables for enumeration of languages, and serves as the source for the subdivision of class 811 Languages (as subjects of study), class 821 Literatures of individual languages, and (=…) Table 1f – Common auxiliaries of ethnic grouping Application Note: Although in theory the language of any document or item of information may be denoted, in practice it is useful only when there is a need to distinguish between those in different languages, e.g. to enable retrieval according to language or to provide a satisfactory filing order. In citation order, the language auxiliary normally comes last; it may, however, be cited medially or even first in a compound number if there is a need to file documents in order of language rather than subject. If necessary, it is separated from the following number by a colon (as in the second example below). Multilingual documents may be denoted by =00 or by the auxiliaries of the individual languages in ascending numeric order ◇ =111(02.053.2)53 English language works – children’s books – physics (arrangement by language) ◇ (02.053.2)=111:53 Children’s books – in English – physics (arrangement by form) ◇ 53(035)=00 Multilingual handbook of physics ◇ 53(035)=111=112.2=133.1 Handbook of physics in English, French and German ◇ 663.4(493)(075)=112.5 Brewing industry in Belgium – textbook – in Flemish (arrangement by subject) ⇨ (=…) Table 1f – Common auxiliaries of human ancestry, ethnic grouping and nationality ⇨ 811 Languages ⇨ 821 Literatures of individual languages and language families |
| =… 2 | General features of languages
|
| =… 23 | Living languages |
| =… 24 | Dead, extinct languages |
| =… 25 | Spoken languages. Languages without extant literature |
| =… 26 | Written languages. Literary languages |
| =…`01/`08 | Special auxiliary subdivision for origins, periods and phases of development Application Note: Special auxiliaries `01/`08 are also applicable in classes 81 and 82 |
| =…`01 | Archaic period. Old and early period. Earliest forms |
| =…`02 | Classical period =…`04 Middle period |