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Section 81 Linguistics and languages Subdivisions 0
81Linguistics.
81;1Linguistics–Philosophy
81;39 
81-112Historical linguistics
81-115Comparative linguistics
81-13Linguistics–Methodology
81-23Languages, Modern
81-24Extinct languages
81-25Colloquial language
81’0Language and languages–Origin
81’01— language–Old —
exp. English language–Old English
81’02 
81’04— language–Middle —
exp. French language–Middle French
81’06— language, Modern
exp. French language, Modern
81’1Linguistics.
81`1(072)— language–Handbooks, manuals, etc
exp. English language–Handbooks,manuals,etc
81`1(075)— language–Handbooks, manuals, etc
— language–Study and teaching
81`1(075)— language–Composition and exercises
— language–Ability testing
81`1(075.2)— language–Study and teaching (Elementary)
Alphabet books
81’1(075.8)— language–Study and teaching (Higher)
English language–Study and teaching (Higher)
81’1(09)Linguistics–Historiography
81’1:061.4(100)
→81’1(063)		Linguistics–Congresses
81’22Semiotics.
81’221.2Sign language. Gesture.
81’23Psycholinguistics
81’24 
81’242Native language
81’243—language–Foreign speakers
81’246Monolingualism. Bilingualism
81’246.1Monolingualism
81’246.2Bilingualism
81’246.3Multilingualism
81’25Translating and interpreting
81’253Simultaneous interpreting
81’255 
81’255.2Literature–Translations
Poetry–Translating
81’255.4Translation–Style ???
81`27Sociolinguistics
81’271.2Linguistic culture
81’272Language policy
81’276Slang
— language–Slang
exp. English language–Slang
81’28Dialectology.Linguistic geography.
— language–Dialects
exp. English language–Dialects
81’33Applied linguistics
81’34Phonetics
—language–Phonology
exp.English language–Phonology
— language–Phonetics
exp. English language–Phonetics
81’342Phonetics
— language–Phonetics
exp. English language–Phonetics
81’35— language–Orthography and spelling
exp. English language–Orthography and spelling
— language–Graphemics
exp. English language–Graphemics
81’351— language–Alphabet
exp. English language–Alphabet
81’36Grammar, Comparative and general
— language–Grammar
exp. English language–Grammar
81’362Grammar, Comparative
81’366Grammar, Comparative and general—Morphology
— language–Morphology
exp.English language–Morphology
— language–Word formation
exp.English language–Word formation
81’367Grammar, Comparative and general–Syntax
81’367.3Grammar, Comparative and general–Sentences
81’367.6— language–Parts of speech
exp.English language–Parts of speech
81’37Semantics
— language–Semantics
exp. English language–Semantics
81’373Lexicology
— language–Lexicology
exp. English language–Lexicology
81’373.2Onomastics
81’373.21Toponymy.
Names, Geographical.
81’373.231Names, Personal
81’373.4Word (Linguistics)
81’373.42Synonyms.Antonyms.Homonyms
— language–Synonyms and antonyms
exp. English language–Synonyms and antonyms
English language–Homonyms
81’373.6— language–Etymology
exp. English language–Etymology
81’374Lexicography
English language–Lexicography
English language–Dictionaries
81’374.2 
81’374.221 
81’374.3 
81’374.4 
81’374.5 
81’374.8 
81’374.81 
81’374.82 
81’374.822 
81’374.823Dictionaries, Polyglot
81’38Language and languages–Style
811Languages.
Languages, Artificial
811.1/.8 
811.1/.2Indo-European languages
811.11Germanic languages
811.111English language
811.111(072)English language–Handbooks,manuals,etc
811.111(075)English language–Handbooks,manuals,etc
English language–Study and teaching
811.111(075)->(076.5)English language–Composition and exercises
English language–Ability testing
English language–Textbooks
811.111(075.2)English language–Study and teaching (Elementary)
English language–Alphabet
Alphabet books
811.111(075.8)English language–Study and teaching (Higher)
811.111(082)English language–Reading
811.111(09)English language–History
811.111=025English language–Reading(Adoptations)
811.111’01English language–Old English
811.111’04English language–Middle English
811.111’28English language–Dialects
English language–Dialectology
811.111’342English language–Phonetics
811.111’35English language–Graphemics
English language–Orthography and spelling
811.111’36English language–Grammar
811.111’362English language–Grammar, Comparative
811.111’366English language–Morphology
English language–Word formation
811.111’367English language–Syntax
811.111’367.3English language–Sentences
811.111’367.6English language–Parts of speech
811.111’37English language–Semantics
811.111’373English language–Lexicology
811.111’373.2English language–Etymology–Names
811.111’373.21Names, Geographical–English
811.111’373.231Names, Personal–English
811.111’373.42English language–Synonyms and antonyms
English language–Homonyms
English language–Archaisms
811.111’373.6English language–Etymology
811.111’374English language–Lexicography
811.111’374.8English language–Dictionaries
811.111’374.8=161.1English language–Dictionaries–Russian
811.111’374= 
811.112.2German language
811.112.28Yiddish language
811.112.5Dutch language
811.112.6Afrikaans language
811.113.3Icelandic language
811.113.4Danish language
811.113.5Norwegian language
811.113.6Swedish language
811.124Latin language
811.124’01Old Latin ???
Latin language, Preclassical to ca. 100 B.C.
Latin language, Vulgar.
811.124’02Classical Latin
811.124’04Mediaeval Latin
Latin language, Medieval and modern ???
811.124’06Modern Latin
Latin language–Spoken Latin.???
811.13Romance languages
811.131.1Italian language
811.133.1French language
811.134.2Spanish language
811.134.3Portuguese language
811.135.1Romanian language
811.135.2Moldovan language (see also Romanian language)
811.14Greek language
811.14’02Greek language, Hellenistic (300 B.C.-600 A.D.)
811.14’03Greek language, Biblical
811.14’04Greek language, Medieval and late
811.14’06Greek language, Modern
811.152.1Irish language
811.152.2Scottish Gaelic language
811.16Slavic languages
811.161 
811.161.1Russian language
811.161.2Ukrainian language
811.161.3Belarusian language
811.162 
811.162.1Polish language
811.162.2Polabian language
811.162.3Czech language
811.162.4Slovak language
811.163 
811.163.1Church Slavic language
811.163.2Bulgarian language
811.163.3Macedonian language
811.163.4 
811.163.41Serbian language
811.163.42Croatian language
811.163.6Slovenian language
811.17Baltic languages
811.172Lithuanian language
811.174Latvian language
811.18Albanian language
811.19Armenian language
811.21/22Indo-Iranian languages
811.21 
811.211Sanskrit language
811.211’01Vedic language
811.212Pali language
811.213Prakrit languages
811.214Indo-Aryan languages, Modern
811.214.21Hindi language
811.214.22Urdu language
811.214.27Panjabi language
811.214.32Bengali language
811.214.58Romani language
811.22Iranian languages
811.221.18Ossetic language
811.221.31Pushto language
811.222.1Persian language
811.222.1’01Avestan language
811.222.1’02Old Persian language
811.222.1’04Pahlavi language
811.222.1’06 
811.222.5Kurdish language
811.222.8Tajik language
811.293Macedonian language
811.341.1Sumerian language
811.341.4Hittite language
811.341.6Urartian language
811.35Caucasian languages
811.351 
811.351.12Avaric language
811.351.21Lak language (Russia)
811.351.22Dargwa language
811.351.32Lezgian language
811.351.41Bats language
811.351.42Chechen language
811.351.43Ingush language
811.352 
811.352.1Abazin language
811.352.2Abkhaz language
811.352.3Adygei language
811.353 
811.353.1Georgian language
811.353.2Svan language
811.353.31Laz language
811.41Afroasiatic languages
811.411Semitic languages
811.411.1 
811.411.11Akkadian languages
811.411.111 
811.411.112Suret language??? –>811.411.172.3`06 ((Assiryan)
811.411.152Phoenician language
811.411.16Hebrew language
811.411.17Aramaic language
811.411.172.3Syriac language
811.411.172.3’06Syriac language, Modern ??? (Assiryan)
811.411.21Arabic language
811.411.41Amharic language
811.412Egyptian language
811.412’09Coptic language
811.51 
811.511.111Finnish language
811.511.113Estonian language
811.511.131Udmurt language
811.511.132Komi language
811.511.14Ugric languages
811.511.141Hungarian language
811.511.14Khanty language(Ostyak language)
811.512Altaic languages
811.512.1Turkic languages
811.512.111Chuvash language
811.512.121Karakalpak language
811.512.122Kazakh language
811.512.123Nogai language
811.512.133Uzbek language
811.512.141Bashkir language
811.512.142Karachay-Balkar language
811.512.145Tatar language
811.512.154Kyrgyz language
811.512.157Yakut language
811.512.161Turkish language
811.512.162Azerbaijani language
811.512.164Turkmen language
811.512.31Buriat language
811.512.37Kalmyk language
811.521Japanese language
811.531Korean language
811.581Chinese language
811.584.6Tibetan language
811.6 
811.612.4Khmer language
811.612.91Vietnamese language
811.9Languages, Artificial
811.921Volapük
811.922Esperanto language

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