Religions originating in Indian sub-continent. Hindu religion in the broad sense

Scope Note: Hinduism is extremely difficult to define. Vedism and Brahmanism may be regarded as the religion of the archaic period, and, as a general rule 233 should be used for works on Hinduism

Vedism

Brahmanism

Hinduism narrowly

Special auxiliary subdivision for Hinduism

Scope Note: This special auxiliary subdivision represents the application of the main special auxiliary subdivision for religion 2-1/-9 to Hinduism. It contains only a selection of the most relevant classes and concepts that were further developed specifically for Hinduism

Application Note: To introduce more concepts, not present here, use special auxiliaries 2-1/-9

⇨ 2-1/-9 Special auxiliary subdivision for religion

Theory and philosophy of Hinduism. Nature of Hinduism

The Holy. Brahma. Absolute being

God(s) and goddess(es)

Named god(s)

◇ 233-158DEV  Devi

◇ 233-158GAN Ganesh

◇ 233-158KAL   Kali

◇ 233-158SHI    Shiva

◇ 233-158SHI-145.4       Shiva the destroyer

◇ 233-158VIS    Vishnu

◇ 233-158VIS-144.2       Thousand names of Vishnu

◇ 233-158VIS-144.81     Lordship of Vishnu

◇ 233-158VIS-145.3       Vishnu the preserver

Incarnations. Avatars

◇ 233-166KRI    Krishna

◇ 233-166RAM Rama

Spiritual beings

Asuras. Demons

Semi-divine beings. Apsaras. Nymphs

233-17

The Universe. Nature of the universe in Hinduism. Hindu cosmology   Vyarthis (seven higher worlds / lokas: Bhu, Bhuvas, Svar / Svarg, Mahas, Janas, Tapas and Satya) and Patalas (seven lower worlds / lokas: Atala, Vitala, Sutala, Rasatala, Talatala, Mahatala, Patala and Naraka)

Asat (non-being, the negation of all existence). The state before creation

Spiritual realms in Hinduism   Svarga loka

End of the world in Hinduism

Pralaya (dissolution). Mahapralaya (great dissolution). Annihilation. Destruction of the worlds in Hinduism

Man. Mankind. Doctrinal anthropology in Hinduism

Nature of man in Hinduism. Atman (true self). The individual soul, every being

Man’s relation to god(s) in Hinduism

Kripa (divine grace). Anugraha (grace of God)

Human experience in Hinduism. Life

233-185.2

Suffering in Hinduism

The problem of evil and sin in Hinduism (in general). Adharma (wrongness, unnaturalness, unrighteousness, immorality)

⇨ 233-42 Moral behaviour. Moral theology

Death

Life after death. Afterlife in Hinduism

Reincarnation. Karma in Hinduism   Principle of cause and effect, action and reaction

Samsara. The cycle of birth and re-birth

Mukti. Moksa. The liberation of the soul

Aprakrta sarira. The immaterial body

Liberation of the soul from the body. Ananta (infinite, endless, eternal). Cessation of being

Non-material world in Hinduism. Spiritual realms

Pitra loka. The world of souls of ancestors

Narakas. Hells

Preta loka. The world of spirits / ghosts

Evidence of religion in Hinduism

Sacred texts of Hinduism

Scope Note: All the sacred texts of Hinduism are collected here, although strictly speaking, the Vedas could be subordinated to Vedism. Many ancient texts are themselves interpretations, commentary, and development of earlier traditions, and it is difficult to draw the line between original text and developed text

Sruti. Revealed writings. Vedas in the widest sense

Vedas in the narrower sense. Samhitas

Scope Note: Collections of textual material; the texts themselves

Trayi Vidya ‘Triple doctrine’

Rig Veda

Yajur Veda

Krsna. ‘Black tradition’

Taittiriya

Maitrayani

Kathaka samhitas

Sukla. ‘White tradition’

Samsa Veda

Atharva Veda

Brahmanas

Scope Note: Manuals for Brahmans; interpretations of earlier texts; beginnings of hermeneutic tradition

Aranyakas

Upanishads. Vedanta

Brhadaranyaka

Chandogya

Taittiriya

Isa

Svetasvatara

Mahanarayana

Mandukya

Smrti. Tradition

Sutras

Scope Note: Texts connected with ritual practice, domestic rites, rites of passage, law and social relationships

Svanta-sutras

Gryha-sutras

Dharma-sutras

Itihasa. Epics and sagas

Ramayana

Mahabharata

Bhagavadgita

Puranas

Scope Note: Wide range of material, including mythologies of the Hindu deities; links with sectarianism, and popular Hinduism

Smrtis. Codes of Law

Upavedas

Vedangas

Tantras and Agamas in Hindusm. Ritual texts

Scope Note: Sectarian texts, largely associated with Shivaism, tantras are texts also used by Jains and Buddhists

⇨ 233.3 Shivaism

⇨ 234 Jainism

⇨ 242-282 Mahayana Tantras

Non-Sanskrit texts. Vernacular traditions

Scope Note: Class sectarian scriptures under sectarian movements Vishnuism, Shivaism, Shaktism, etc.

◇ 233 286=214.32          Devotional poetry in Bengali

⇨ 233.2 Vishnuism

⇨ 233.3 Shivaism

⇨ 233.4 Shaktism. Shaktas

Tirukkural / Kural. ‘Tamil-veda’   Book 1: Arattuppal / Dharma (Book of Virtue); Book 2: Poruṭpal / Artha (Book of Polity / Book of Wealth); Book 3: Kamattuppal / Kama (Book of Love)

Persons in Hinduism

Inspired persons. Major figures

Reformers

◇ 233 335GAN  Gandhi

◇ 233 335TAG  Tagore

Martyrs

Ascetics. Hermits. Fakirs. Sadhus. Sannyasi

Saints in Hinduism. Enlightened ones

Application Note: Details by alphabetical extension (Table 1h)

◇ 233-36RAM   Ramakrishna

Mahatmas. Gurus. Scholars in Hinduism

◇ 233 37RAD    Radhakrishna

Hindu religious practice

Moral behaviour. Moral theology

Right and wrong in Hinduism

Adharma. Unrighteousness. Evil

Aparadha. Specific sins in Hinduism

Application Note: Details by alphabetical extension (Table 1h)

◇ 233-423.57AVI            Avidya. Ignorance

◇ 233-423.57HIM           Himsa. Violence

Mahapatakas. Great sins. Brahmanahatya. Surapana. Steya. Guruvanganagana. Mahapatahasamsarga

Dharma. Good. Virtue. Right living

Specific virtues. Ahimsa. Aparigrapha. Asteya. Vidya

233-425

Ethical systems. Acara. Rules for living

Religious law, obligations, moral precepts, moral law in Hinduism

Social customs and practice

Social behaviour

Food and diet

Dietary requirements

Upavasa. Fasting

Vivaha. Marriage

Charity

Dana. Charitable giving

Worship in Hinduism. Ritual practice

Agents of worship in Hinduism

◇ 233 52(282)   Sacred rivers. Seven rivers. Saptasindhu

Religious sites, locations in Hinduism. Holy places

Religious buildings

Ashrams. Monasteries. Community buildings

Vehicles of cultic acts

◇ 233 524:662  Bhasma. Ashes

◇ 233 524:663.2   Soma. Wine, alcohol

Gandha. Perfumes. Incense

233-526

Religious objects

Mala. Rosaries

Dipa. Lamps, lights

Murti. Images of the deity. Astamurti

Janeu. Personal adornments

Hindu acts of worship

Nitya. Compulsory

Naimittika. Voluntary devotions

Objects of worship in Hinduism

◇ 233 533-526.6    Puja. Worship of images

Form of (oral) rites and rituals in Hinduism

Prayer

Specific prayers. Gayatri

Reading of texts

Chants

Mantras. Japa (repetition of mantra)

Music in Hindu worship

◇ 233 535:783.6  Hymns in Hindu worship. Stotra (collections of hymns)

◇ 233 535:784  Kirtana. Solo singing in Hindu worship

Physical rites and ceremonies in Hinduism

Water in worship in Hinduism. Ritual washing, ablution

Worship using substances other than water

Use of oil in worship (e.g. as offering during Abhisheka)

Postures

Prostration. Praṇama (bowing)   Namaskara / namaste, ashtanga, shastanga, panchanga, dandavat, abhinandana

Offerings in Hinduism

◇ 233 537:641  Prasada. Food offerings

Medha. Sacrifices in Hinduism

Burnt offerings. Agnihotra, fire sacrifice

Agnicayana, the fire offering

Sacrifices according to subject

◇ 233 538.6:599.89       Purushamedha. Human sacrifice

Hindu ceremonies by purpose

Vrata. Vow, pledge

Asirveda. Blessing. Benediction

233-549.2

Avahana. Invocation of the deity

Visarjana. Departure of the deity

Samskara. Rites of passage

Jata-karma. Birth ritual

Vivaha. Marriage ceremonies

Sraddha. Antyesti. Mrtyu-samskara. Last rites. Funeral ceremonies

Sati. Disposal of the body

Upanayana. Initiation

Diksa. Entry to religious community

Celebrations in Hinduism

Feasts and festivals, holy days in Hinduism

◇ 233 565DIV   Divali / Diwali (festival of lights)

◇ 233 565DUR  Durga puja / Durgotsava (festival of the goddess Durga)

◇ 233 565HOL  Holi (festival of colours / festival of love)

◇ 233 565JAG   Festivals of the Lord Jagannath. Ratha Yatra (chariot festival)

◇ 233 565MAK Makara-sankranti / Maghi (festival of the deity Surya)

◇ 233 565NAG  Naga Panchami (festival of snakes)

◇ 233 565NAV  Navratri festivals. Sharada Navratri (autumn Navratri, post-monsoon festival). Ramlila performance

◇ 233 565PON  Thai Pongal (harvest festival)

◇ 233 565VAI    Vaisakhi / Vaishakhi (new year festival)

◇ 233 565VIJ     Vijayadashami / Dussehra / Dasara

Philosophies. Schools of thought. Darsanas. ‘Theories’

◇ 233 852.5NYA             Nyaya

◇ 233 852.5PUR             Purva Mimamsa

◇ 233 852.5SAM             Samkhya

◇ 233 852.5UTT              Uttara Mimamsa. Vedanta

◇ 233 852.5VAI               Vaisheshika

◇ 233 852.5YOG             Yoga

Vishnuism

Shivaism

Shaktism. Shaktas

Neo-Hinduism. Reform Hinduism

Virashaivas. Lingayats

Scope Note: Consider themselves independent of Hinduism, but most government and other official organizations regard them as sectarian

Jainism

234.3

Svetambara

Sthanakavasis

Digambaras

Sikhism

Other religions of Eastern origin

Theosophy

Sri Chinmoy