159.9

Psychology

Application Note: Details by common auxiliaries of persons (Table 1k, -05)

⇨ 316.6 Social psychology

⇨ 591.51 Psychology of animals. Animal intelligence. Instinct

⇨ 612.821 Physiological psychology

⇨ 616.89 Psychiatry. Pathological psychiatry. Psychopathology. Phrenopathies. Psychoses. Mental abnormality. Morbid mental states. Behavioural and emotional disturbances

Theories. Laws. Metaphysical psychology. Rational psychology

Theories based on the exact sciences

Chemical theories

Biological theories

Other theories

Body and soul. Body and mind

Dualistic theories   Interactionism. Influxionism. Parallelism

Monistic theories

Materialistic, mechanistic theories. Psychological materialism   Automatism

⇨ 141.12 Ontological materialism

Spiritualistic theories   Idealism. Animism

Intellectualistic theories

159.9.016.3

Psychomechanistic theories

159.9.016.4

Psychophysical theories

Functional theories. Functionalism

Physiological theories

⇨ 612.01 General physiological problems

⇨ 612.8 Nervous system. Sensory organs

Psychological methods in general

⇨ 159.9.072.5 Methods of experimental psychology

Subjective   Introspection

Objective

Analytical

Synthetic

Descriptive

Explanatory

Psychological systems and schools

⇨ 159.964.2 Psychoanalysis

Structural psychology   Gestalt psychology

Functional psychology   Dynamic psychology. Purposive psychology (hedonic, hormic)

Reaction psychology   Psychology of behaviour. Behaviourism. Reflex psychology

Experimental psychology. Psychological research

Psychological experiment, investigation, tests, measurements

159.9.072.2

Psychological studies in laboratories

Psychological studies outside laboratories

Individual and group investigations

Individual investigation

Group investigation

159.9.072.5

Methods of experimental psychology

Subjective methods   Self-observation

Objective methods

Stimulation or impression methods

Reaction methods   Interrogation. Association

Various psychometric methods

Gradation methods

Error methods. Methods of right and wrong cases

Equivalence method

Observation

Recording. Protocol

Processing and interpretation of results. Correlations

⇨ 519.2 Probability. Mathematical statistics

Apparatus

Psychophysiology (physiological psychology). Mental physiology

⇨ 612.8 Nervous system. Sensory organs

⇨ 613.8 Health and hygiene of the nervous system. Health and ethics

Mental hygiene

Mental development and capacity. Comparative psychology

⇨ 591.51 Psychology of animals. Animal intelligence. Instinct

Characteristics of mental life. Consciousness. Mental development in humans. Differential psychology. Genetic psychology. Developmental psychology

⇨ 37.015.3 Educational psychology. Educability

Sex psychology

Influences of natural and social environment

Sensory influences

Topographic influences. Landscape

Meteorological influences (influences of climate, weather)

Residential influences (influences of dwelling, domicile)

Social influences   Neighbours. Associates

⇨ 316.614 Socialization

Influence of dress, clothing

⇨ 391 Costume. Clothing. National dress. Fashion. Adornment

⇨ 613.48 Clothing

Influence of ancestry. Mental heredity. Inherited characteristics

Ethnopsychology. National psychology

Scope Note: Class here also cross-cultural psychiatry (ethnopsychiatry)

Application Note: Details by common auxiliaries of ethnic grouping (Table 1f) and common auxiliaries of place (Table 1e)

⇨ 572.9 Special anthropogeography. Individual human ancestry groups

159.922.41

Palaeopsychology. Psychology of Palaeolithic man

Influence of body characteristics   Growth. Deportment. Deformities

Influence of age

Maturity

Old age. Senescence

Child psychology. Paedology. Paedopsychology

⇨ 159.922 Characteristics of mental life. Consciousness. Mental development in humans. Differential psychology. Genetic psychology. Developmental psychology

Intellectual development of the child

Mental characteristics of the child   Influence of child’s age. Psychology of infancy, childhood, puberty

Children’s point of view, attitudes

Children’s descriptions and representations

Children with abnormal behaviour. Abnormal child psychology

◇ 159.922.76-056.26     Abnormal behaviour of children with physical handicap

◇ 159.922.76-056.313   Abnormal behaviour of children with low intelligence

◇ 159.922.76-056.34     Abnormal behaviour of children with mental health problems

◇ 159.922.76-056.45     Abnormal behaviour of precocious, highly gifted children

◇ 159.922.76-056.49     Abnormal psychology of children with behavioural problems

Psychology of adolescence

159.922.8 ≅ 159.922.7

Type psychology. Individual psychology. Psychology of individualities. Individuality. Personality. Character psychology. Characterology. Idiosyncrasies. Personal equation. Personality types

Development, emergence of the personality. Self-awareness. Identity of the personality   The ego. Self and not-self. Self and body. The inner self. Self as person. Self and society

Composition of the personality. Character traits. Psychogram

Corporeal elements

Moral and religious elements

Social elements

Mental elements

Aesthetic elements

Special aptitudes and gifts

Temperaments

Popular classifications

Sanguine

Choleric

Phlegmatic

Melancholic

Scientific classifications

Kretschmer’s classification

Schizothymic

Viscous

Cyclothymic

Cultivation of the personality

Genius

Characteristic traits of genius

Genius as hereditary, inherited

Genius as pathological, morbid state

Genius and insanity

Genius and illness

Genius and vice

Genius and degeneracy

Environment and training of genius   Upbringing. Home. Family. Education

Classes of genius

Geographic distribution of the gift of genius

Study of expression. Physical manifestation of mentality. Bodily expression of character

Physiognomy

Phrenology. Craniology. Cerebral localization of faculties or functions

Graphology

Chirognomy

⇨ 133.6 Chiromancy. Palmistry. Chirology

Mime and mimicry   Voice. Gesture. Gait

Various kinds of talent. Abilities. Aptitudes

General abilities, giftedness

Special capacity, aptitude, talent

⇨ 159.95 Higher mental processes

Plant and animal behaviour. Biopsychology. Comparative psychology

⇨ 581.5 Habits of plants. Plant behaviour. Plant ecology. Plant ethology. The plant and its environment. Bionomics of plants

⇨ 591.5 Animal habits. Animal behaviour. Ecology. Ethology. Animal and environment. Bionomy

159.93

Sensation. Sensory perception

⇨ 611.84/.88 Sensory organs

The senses (faculties)

Vision. Sight

Audition. Hearing

Olfaction. Smell

Gustation. Taste

Tactile sense. Touch. Feeling

Muscular, articular and organic senses. Equilibrium

Perception. Interpretation of percepts

Elements of perception

Sensory performance

Apperception

Preperception

⇨ 159.954.3 Imagery

Perceptual errors. Normal illusions

⇨ 159.961 Parapsychology. Psychic phenomena and research

Special classes of perception

Perception of colours. Colour as visual sensation. Psychological theory of colour

⇨ -026.613 Properties related to visible light. Hues. Colours

⇨ 535.64 Colour systems. Colour theories. Theory of colour measurement, chromaticity measurement

⇨ 612.843.31 Colour vision (chromatopsia)

Appearance of the colours. General properties of colour sensations

Free colour. Aperture colours

Surface (or area) colours

Solid (spatial) colours

159.937.511.4

Chromatic and achromatic colours

Pure colours. Dull colours. Broken colours. Clouded colours

Attributes of colours   Warm and cold colours. Emergent and receding colours. Brightness

Colour nomenclature. Names of colours

Problems of colour of lighting (illumination), and of tinted spectacles. Colour sensitivity in altered environmental conditions   Local colour. Shadow perception. Colour fidelity (in reproductions)

Effects of individual colours   Warning colours, signals. Congenial, relaxing colours. Spatial effects

⇨ -026.613 Properties related to visible light. Hues. Colours

⇨ 62-777.6 Identification by colour. Colour-coding

Colour symbolism   Colours for sorrow, joy

⇨ 27-528 Christian liturgy

⇨ 929.622 Heraldic tincture. Armorial colours

Interactions of colours   Psychologically fundamental colours. Psychologically complementary colours. Effect of colour groupings, juxtapositions

⇨ 535.6 Colours and their properties. Colour theory

Perception of space and extent. Localization of objects. Psychological optics other than colour theory

Elements of space perception   Distance. Size, dimensions. Shape. Direction

Sensory factors in space perception

Perception of time (duration) and rhythm

Perception of movement

Synaesthesia. Colour audition

Psychophysics. Psychometry

Psychophysics

Laws

Principal formulae

General measuring methods

159.938.252

Stimulus threshold

Difference threshold

Psychometry. Psychochronometry. Mental chronometry. Reaction time

Types of reaction time

Physiological and reflex reaction times

⇨ 612.821.1 Reaction time. Psychometry

Psychophysical reaction time

Simple psychophysical reaction time

Complex psychophysical reaction times

Discernment time. Recognition time. Perception time

Rate of discernment

Selection time. Rate of selection

Rate of association

Elements of reaction time   Excitation. Conduction. Transformation of stimuli into motor impulses

Conditions influencing reaction time

Objective conditions   Types of stimulation and reaction. Environmental influences

Subjective conditions

Age

Sex

Concentration. Expectation

Practice

Health

Fatigue

Toxicity

Special fields of measurement

Executive functions

Emotions. Affections. Sensibility. Feelings

Properties of the sensibility   Affective quality. Intensity. Rhythm. Duration. Content

Expression of emotions   Laughing. Crying

Varieties of emotion

Emotional states

Feelings. Sentiments

Moods

Passions. Uncontrolled emotions

Conation and movement   Motor functions. Action. Drives

Feelings and strivings

Physiology of movement

Types of movement

Involuntary movements

Innate movements   Tropisms. Reflexes. Instincts

Acquired movements. Habits

Laterality: dextrality (right-handedness), sinistrality (left-handedness)

Voluntary, consciously controlled movements

Work and fatigue. Efficiency   Performance curve

⇨ 331.101.6 Work performance

⇨ 331.44 Influence of physical and psychological factors (work-related and non-work-related) on the employee

⇨ 613.73 Overexertion. Training

Fatigue. Stress

Special motor functions

Locomotion   Walking. Running

Vocal expression   Speech. Singing. Whistling. Dumbness, muteness

⇨ 808.5 Rhetoric of speech. Art or technique of oral expression

⇨ 81`23 Psycholinguistics. Psychology of language

⇨ 81`342.2 Articulatory phonetics. Phonation, articulation, utterance of (vocal) sounds

Graphic expression. Reading   Writing. Drawing

Volition. Will

Freedom of will   Deliberation. Choice. Decision

⇨ 141.5 According to attitude to problem of soul and free will

Responsibility

Determination

Human act of will   Training of will. Self-discipline

Intentions. Motives. Desires, wishes

⇨ 316.628 Motivation of social behaviour. Needs. Aspirations

Higher mental processes

Attention

Conditions of selection

Objective conditions   Suddenness. Novelty. Colour

159.952.13

Subjective conditions   Interest. Expectancy. Purpose

Varieties of attention (according to origin, stimulus, development)

Physical reactions   Circulation. Respiration. Posture

Clarity and strength of attention   Concentrated attention. Divided attention

Scope and duration of attention. Span, range, fluctuation of attention

Acquired inattention. Lack of concentration

Memory and learning

Types of memory   Visual, auditory, olfactory, gustatory, tactile, motor memory

Memory processes

Association

Retention

Remembering. Recall. Reproduction

Recognition. Identification

Memory aids. Mnemonics. Mnemonic techniques

Learning. Acquisition. Assimilation   Mechanical learning, rote. Logical learning

Forgetting. Lapses of memory. Forgetfulness

Loss of memory. Amnesia

⇨ 616.89-008.46 Disorders of memory

Imagination. Imaginative, creative faculty

Fancy. Fantasy. Image-inventing faculty

Imagery   Verbal imagery. Eidetic imagery

Limits of the imaginative process

Thinking. Thought

Ideation. Idea formation

Conception. Concept formation

Abstraction. Selection. Comparison

Reflection

Judgement

Reasoning. Inference. Induction. Deduction

⇨ 162 Process of illation. Reasoning. Inference. Conclusion

Intuition

Intellectual or speculative intuition   Internal sense. Common sense

Sense intuition

Motor intuition

Special mental states and processes

Parapsychology. Psychic phenomena and research

⇨ 133 The paranormal. The occult. Psi phenomena

⇨ 2-544.8 Knowledge of events. Divination. Augury. Soothsaying. Oracles

⇨ 398.4 The supernatural

⇨ 550.87 Biological and psychic methods of geological investigation

Hallucinations and illusions as psychic phenomena   Apparitions. Ghosts

⇨ 616.89-008.42 Disorders of sensation and perception. Hallucinations. Illusions. Hallucinatory deliriums, psychoses. Hallucinoses

Prophecy, prediction, oracles as psychic phenomena

⇨ 159.961.6 Telepathy (mindreading), clairvoyance, clairaudience as psychic phenomena

⇨ 2-534.6 Prophecy

⇨ 2-544.8 Knowledge of events. Divination. Augury. Soothsaying. Oracles

Telepathy (mindreading), clairvoyance, clairaudience as psychic phenomena

⇨ 133.3 Occult perception. Precognition

Out-of-body experiences

Near-death experiences

Hypnotism. Suggestion

Inducing hypnosis

Autohypnosis

Suggestion. Autosuggestion

Sleep and dreams

Sleep

Conditions inducing sleep

Normal phenomena accompanying sleep   Brain activity during sleep

Depth and duration of sleep

Effects of sleep

Abnormal phenomena

⇨ 615.214.24 Sedatives. Hypnotics, soporifics

Somnolence

Sleeplessness. Wakefulness. Insomnia

Dreams. Visions

⇨ 616.8-009.836.15 Dreams. Nightmares

Classification of dreams. Types of dream

Contents of dreams

Special characteristics of dreams   Duration. Compression. Meaninglessness

159.963.36

Dreams of different persons

◇ 159.963.36-053.2       Children’s dreams

◇ 159.963.36-056.262   Dreams of blind persons

◇ 159.963.36-056.83     Dreams of addicts

Day dreams. Autistic thinking

Interpretation of dreams

Somnambulism. Sleepwalking

Somniloquence. Talking in sleep

Depth psychology

Psychoanalysis

⇨ 615.851 Psychotherapy

Explanations of mental processes   Drives, instincts. Libido, etc. Complexes. Conflict. Sublimation. Compensation

Techniques. Methods

159.964.222

Cathartic method. Abreaction

Free association

Suggestive influence

Re-education

Psychoanalytical schools, systems (Freudian, Jungian, Adlerian, etc.)

Application Note: Details by alphabetical extension (Table 1h)

Applications of psychoanalysis

Other kinds of depth psychology

159.964.32

Psychological schools   Schools of Prince, Rivers, McDougall

Abnormal psychology

⇨ 616.89 Psychiatry. Pathological psychiatry. Psychopathology. Phrenopathies. Psychoses. Mental abnormality. Morbid mental states. Behavioural and emotional disturbances

Mental disorders. Insanity. Alienation

Mental deficiency

Hypochondria. Melancholia

Catalepsy

Ecstasy

Applied psychology (psychotechnology) in general   Aptitude testing